Specific Rules #2 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for months

Translate names of months into English.

Abbreviate them using the first three letters.

Capitalize them.

Examples:

mayo = May

luty = Feb

brezen = Mar

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General Rules for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple years of publication

Specific Rules #2 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for months

Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

Specific Rules #4 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Date of publication and date of copyright

Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

Specific Rules #6 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No date of publication or copyright can be found

Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple years of publication

For multiple years of publication, separate the first and last year of publication by a hyphen. Do not shorten the second of the two years to the last two digits.

2002-2003

1997-1998

1999-2000

If months are given, place them after the year. Use English names for months and abbreviate them using the first three letters.

1999 Oct-2000 Mar

2002 Dec-2003 Jan

Separate multiple months of publication by a hyphen.

2005 Jan-Feb

1999 Dec-2000 Jan

Separate multiple seasons by a hyphen; for example, Fall-Winter. Do not abbreviate names of seasons.

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General Rules for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple years of publication

Specific Rules #2 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for months

Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

Specific Rules #4 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Date of publication and date of copyright

Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

Specific Rules #6 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No date of publication or copyright can be found

Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

General Rules for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Always give the year of publication.

Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to 2000.

Include the month of publication, if desired, after the year, such as 2004 May.

Use English names for months and abbreviate them using the first three letters, such as Jan.

End date information with a period.

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Specific Rules #1 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple years of publication

Specific Rules #2 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for months

Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

Specific Rules #4 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Date of publication and date of copyright

Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

Specific Rules #6 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No date of publication or copyright can be found

Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

If no publisher can be determined, use the words "publisher unknown" placed in square brackets.

Alizai S, Zia A. [Chanesar Goth and Landhi]. Islamabad (Pakistan): [publisher unknown]; [1993?]. 53 p. (Gender differentials in access to health care for Pakistani children; vol. 3).

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Specific Rules #1 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Abbreviated words in publisher names

Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

If more than one publisher is found in a document, use the first one given or the one set in the largest type or bold type.

An alternative is to use the publisher likely to be most familiar to the audience of the reference list. For example, use an American publisher for a US audience and a London publisher for a British one.

Do not list multiple publishers. For those publications with joint or co-publishers, use the name given first as the publisher and include the name of the other(s) as a note if desired. For example, use "Jointly published by the Canadian Pharmacists Association".

End publisher information with a semicolon.

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General Rules for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Abbreviated words in publisher names

Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Two or more organizations may co-publish a book.

Use the first organization appearing as publisher on the title page or the verso (back) of the title page.

Place the name of the other organization(s) as a note at the end of the citation, if desired.

Co-published by the Canadian Medical Association.

Do not give more than one name as publisher.

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General Rules for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Abbreviated words in publisher names

Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

When citing publishers that are national bodies such as government agencies, if a nationality is not part of the name, place the country in parentheses after the name, using the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D).

National Cancer Institute (US)

National Society on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NZ)

Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd. (GB)

Royal College of Physicians (AU), Paediatrics & Child Health Division

Do not confuse the publisher with the distributor of documents for the publisher. For example, the most common distributors of US government agency publications are the US Government Printing Office (GPO) and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Designate the agency that issued the publication as the publisher and include distributor information as a note. Begin with the phrase "Available from" followed by a colon and a space. Add the name of the distributor, the city and state, and the accession or order number.

Jones FD, Sparacino LR, Wilcox VL, Rothberg JM, Stokes JW, editors. War psychiatry. Falls Church (VA): Department of the Army (US), Office of the Surgeon General; 1995. 508 p. (Lounsbury DE, editor. Textbooks of military medicine). Available from: US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; D 104.35:PT.1/V.4.

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Specific Rules #1 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Abbreviated words in publisher names

Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Give publisher names in the roman alphabet (French, Spanish, Italian, etc.) in their original language.

Rome: Societa Editrice Universo;

Lisbon: Imprensa Medica;

Romanize names in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean.

Sofia (Bulgaria): Sofia Medizina i Fizkultura;

Romanize names or translate names in character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese). Place all translated publisher names in square brackets unless the translation is given in the publication.

Tokyo: Medikaru Rebyusha;

Beijing (China): [Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute];

Taiyuan (China): Shanxi ke xue ji she chu ban she;

[Note that the concept of capitalization does not exist in Chinese. Therefore in transliterating Chinese publisher names only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.]

If the name of a division or another part of an organization is included in the publisher information, give the names in hierarchical order from highest to lowest.

Valencia (Spain): Universidade de Valencia, Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentacion Lopez Pinero;

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

If desired, follow a non-English name with a translation. Place all translated publisher names in square brackets.

Aarhus (Denmark): Aarhus-Universitetsforlag [Aarhus University Press];

As an option, you may translate all publisher names not in English. Place all translated publisher names in square brackets unless the translation is given in the publication.

Aarhus (Denmark): [Aarhus University Press];

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General Rules for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Abbreviated words in publisher names

Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Abbreviated words in publisher names

Abbreviate commonly used words in publisher names, if desired.

Examples:

Acad. for Academy

Assoc. for Association

Co. for Company

Coll. for College

Corp. for Corporation

Dept. for Department

Div. for Division

Inst. for Institute or Institution

Ltd. for Limited

Soc. for Society

Univ. for University

See Appendix C for more abbreviations of commonly used English words.

Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a list of references, abbreviate the same word in all references.

Follow all abbreviated words with a period.

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General Rules for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Abbreviated words in publisher names

Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

General Rules for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

A publisher is defined as the individual or organization issuing the volume.

Record the name of the publisher as it appears in the publication, using whatever capitalization and punctuation is found there.

Abbreviate well-known publisher names if desired but with caution to avoid confusion. For example, "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." may become simply "Wiley".

When a division or other subsidiary part of a publisher is given, enter the publisher name first. For example: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.

End publisher information with a semicolon.

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Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #4 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No place of publication can be found

If no place of publication can be found on the title page or its verso (back), but one can be found elsewhere in the publication or can be reasonably inferred (e.g., Chicago as the place for a publication of the American Medical Association), place the city in square brackets, such as "[Chicago]".

If no place of publication can be found or inferred, use [place unknown].

[place unknown]: Hoobler; 1991.

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Specific Rules #2 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #3 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple places of publication

Specific Rules #4 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No place of publication can be found

Examples for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #3 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple places of publication

If more than one place of publication is found, use the first one or the one set in the largest type or in bold type. Do not give multiple places.

An alternative is to use the place of publication and publisher likely to be most familiar to the audience of the reference list. For example, use the place of an American publisher for a US audience and a London publisher for a British one.

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Specific Rules #2 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #3 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple places of publication

Specific Rules #4 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No place of publication can be found

Examples for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #2 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Two or more organizations may co-publish a book.

Use the city of the first organization found on the title page (or on the back of the title page if no place information appears on the title page), as the place of publication.

Place the name of the other organization(s) as a note at the end of the citation, if desired.

Co-published by the Canadian Medical Association.

Do not give multiple places as place of publication or include multiple publishers.

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Specific Rules #2 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #3 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple places of publication

Specific Rules #4 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No place of publication can be found

Examples for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-US cities

Use the anglicized form of a city name, such as Rome for Roma and Moscow for Moskva, when possible. However, the name as found on the publication may always be used.

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

– Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

Follow Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the name of the province (see Appendix E), placed in parentheses:

Montreal (QC):

Ottawa (ON):

Vancouver (BC):

For cities in other countries, if the city is not well known or could be confused with another city of the same name, follow the city with the country name, either written in full or as the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D).

Place the country name or code in parentheses.

London:

Rome:

Paris:

Madrid:

but

Malaga (Spain): or Malaga (ES):

Basel (Switzerland): or Basel (CH):

Oxford (England): or Oxford (GB):

As an option, use the country name or country code after all cities not in the US or Canada.

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Specific Rules #2 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #3 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple places of publication

Specific Rules #4 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No place of publication can be found

Examples for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

General Rules for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Place is defined as the city where the volume was published.

Follow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the state or province (see Appendix E) to avoid confusion when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Palm Springs (CA) and Palm Springs (FL).

Follow cities in other countries with the name of the country, either written out or as the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D), when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Cambridge (MA) and Cambridge (England).

Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna for Wien.

End place information with a colon.

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Specific Rules #2 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #3 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Multiple places of publication

Specific Rules #4 for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: No place of publication can be found

Examples for Place of Publication (required) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

On rare occasions an organization will be listed as the editor.

Follow the instructions for entering Organizations as author/editor.

Place a comma, space, and the word editor after the organization name.

Example:

Swiss Pharmaceutical Society, editor.

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Specific Rules #2 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Secondary author performing more than one role

Specific Rules #3 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for secondary authors

Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #3 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for secondary authors

Translate the word found for editor, translator, illustrator, or other secondary author into English if possible. However, the wording found on the publication may always be used.

If not translated, ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in words. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

– Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked:

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters:

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

To assist in identifying secondary authors, below is a brief list of non-English words for them:

Language	Word for Editor	Word for Translator	Word for Illustrator
French	redacteur	traducteur	illustrateur
	editeur
German	redakteur	ubersetzer	illustrator
	herausgeber	dolmetscher
Italian	redattore	traduttore	disegnatore
	curatore
	editore
Russian	redaktor	perevodchik	konstruktor
	izdatel
Spanish	redactor	traductor	ilustrador
	editor

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 2: Books

Related:

General Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: More than one type of secondary author

Specific Rules #2 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Secondary author performing more than one role

Specific Rules #3 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for secondary authors

Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #2 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Secondary author performing more than one role

If the same secondary author performs more than one role:

List all the roles in the order they are given in the publication.

Separate the roles by "and".

End secondary author information with a period.

Example:

Jones AB, editor and translator.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 2: Books

Related:

General Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: More than one type of secondary author

Specific Rules #2 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Secondary author performing more than one role

Specific Rules #3 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for secondary authors

Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: More than one type of secondary author

A book may have several types of secondary author.

List all of them in the order they are given in the publication.

Separate each type of secondary author with the accompanying role by a semicolon.

End secondary author information with a period.

Examples:

Graber AF, Longstreet RG, translators; Johnson CT, Marks C, Huston MA, illustrators.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 2: Books

Related:

General Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: More than one type of secondary author

Specific Rules #2 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Secondary author performing more than one role

Specific Rules #3 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for secondary authors

Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

General Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

A secondary author modifies the work of the author. Examples include editors, translators, and illustrators.

Place the names of secondary authors after the title, following any Type of Medium or Edition statement.

Use the same rules for the format of names presented in Author/Editor above.

Follow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor or editors; the last named illustrator with a comma and the word illustrator or illustrators, etc.

End secondary author information with a period.

If there is no author, move secondary authors such as editors and translators to the author position in the reference.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 2: Books

Related:

General Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: More than one type of secondary author

Specific Rules #2 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Secondary author performing more than one role

Specific Rules #3 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Non-English names for secondary authors

Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for the Volume for Individual Volumes With a Separate Title and Separate Authors/Editors Vancouver Style