Norma de la Organización Internacional de Estandarización para la redacción de referencias bibliográficas y de citas de recursos de información (UNE-ISO 690:2013)

UNE-ISO 690:2013. Información y documentación. Directrices para la redacción de referencias bibliográficas y de citas de recursos de información.

Resumen en INTECO (Ente Nacional de Normalización de Costa Rica), @INTECOcr.

Índice en UNE (Asociación Española de Normalización), @NormasUNE.

NOTA DE PLAKA LOGIKA SOBRE LA UTILIDAD DE ESTA NORMA

La UNE-ISO 690:2013 puede ser útil a profesionales que elaboran contenidos técnicos para diversas organizaciones:

• porque siempre debe aplicarse la obligación legal y moral de citar las fuentes,

• y porque numerosas organizaciones no tienen normas relativas a referencias y citas y el profesional debe informar-justificar su criterio para proceder, criterio que tendrá garantía si se encuentra entre los criterios que tienen reconocimiento y validez ante el público.

Numerosas entidades tienen normas propias para la referencia y la cita: desde organizaciones o empresas que han decidido elaborar su libro de estilo hasta entidades académicas que transmiten la ciencia al mundo, como la APA (American Psychological Association) o la MLA (Modern Language Association). Obvia decirse que el profesional aplica la normativa que tenga la entidad para la que trabaja.

En definitiva, un trabajo profesional excluye preferencias personales, implica formación y conocimiento para ofrecer garantía de validez.

PRESENTACIÓN

Esta norma internacional proporciona directrices para la preparación de referencias bibliográficas. También proporciona directrices para la preparación de citas en escrituras latinas destinadas a figurar en obras que no son de naturaleza eminentemente bibliográfica. Se aplica a referencias bibliográficas y a citas de todo tipo de recursos, e incluye, pero no se limita a, monografías, publicaciones seriadas, contribuciones, patentes, materiales cartográficos, recursos electrónicos (incluidos software y bases de datos), música, grabaciones sonoras, estampas, fotografías, obras gráficas y audiovisuales e imágenes animadas.

No se aplica a citas analizables por computadora. Tampoco se aplica a citas legales, que tienen sus propias normas. Esta norma internacional no prescribe un estilo concreto de referencia o de cita. El estilo y la puntuación de los ejemplos anotados en esta norma internacional no tienen carácter prescriptivo.

Los anexos A y B se refieren a los apartados pertinentes de esta norma internacional que explican los requisitos relativos a la elaboración de referencias y citas de recursos impresos y electrónicos. El anexo C da ejemplos de referencias bibliográficas conformes con esta norma internacional.

INTECO.

A través de este enlace, puedes acceder a la página de compra de la norma, en el sitio web de la UN. También podrás leer el índice, de acceso libre, que se reproduce a continuación.

UNE-ISO 690:2013

ÍNDICE

PRÓLOGO .......... 5

1 OBJETO Y CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN .......... 6

2 TÉRMINOS Y DEFINICIONES .......... 6

3 PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS PARA LA CREACIÓN DE REFERENCIAS .......... 7

4 ELEMENTOS DE UNA REFERENCIA .......... 8

4.1 Fuentes de los datos .......... 8

4.2 Transliteración .......... 8

4.3 Abreviación .......... 8

4.4 Puntuación y tipografía .......... 9

4.5 Orden de los elementos .......... 9

5 CREADOR .......... 9

5.1 Selección .......... 9

5.2 Nombres personales .......... 10

5.3 Organizaciones o grupos .......... 11

5.4 Múltiples creadores .......... 12

5.5 Seudónimos .......... 13

5.6 Obras anónimas .......... 13

6 TÍTULO .......... 13

6.1 Forma del título .......... 13

6.2 Traducción del título .......... 15

6.3 Títulos de publicaciones seriadas .......... 16

6.4 Distinción entre el título de la contribución y el título del recurso fuente .......... 16

6.5 Congresos .......... 17

7 DESIGNACIÓN DEL SOPORTE .......... 17

8 EDICIÓN .......... 17

8.1 Ediciones diferentes .......... 17

8.2 Versiones actualizadas .......... 18

9 PRODUCCIÓN .......... 18

9.1 Lugar .......... 18

9.2 Editor o equivalente .......... 18

9.3 Fecha .......... 19

10 NUMERACIÓN Y PAGINACIÓN .......... 20

10.1 Generalidades .......... 20

10.2 Parte citada .......... 21

10.3 Omisiones de términos .......... 21

11 TÍTULO Y NÚMERO DE LA SERIE .......... 21

12 IDENTIFICADORES .......... 21

13 LOCALIZACIÓN .......... 22

14 INFORMACIÓN GENERAL ADICIONAL .......... 22

14.1 Generalidades .......... 22

14.2 Clasificación .......... 22

14.3 Dimensiones .......... 22

14.4 Precio y disponibilidad .......... 22

14.5 Lenguas .......... 22

14.6 Marcas comerciales registradas .......... 23

14.7 Otra información .......... 23

15 CATEGORÍAS CONCRETAS DE RECURSOS .......... 23

15.1 Generalidades .......... 23

15.2 Recursos electrónicos o partes de recursos electrónicos y contribuciones asociadas .......... 23

15.3 Software .......... 25

15.4 Material audiovisual .......... 25

15.5 Material cartográfico .......... 26

15.6 Películas, videos y emisiones de televisión .......... 27

15.7 Obras gráficas .......... 28

15.8 Música .......... 28

15.9 Patentes .......... 28

15.10 Informes técnicos en series, normas y otras publicaciones similares .......... 29

ANEXO A (Informativo) MÉTODOS DE CITA .......... 30

ANEXO B (Informativo) PRESENTACIÓN DE REFERENCIAS .......... 33

ANEXO C (Informativo) EJEMPLOS DE REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS .......... 38

BIBLIOGRAFÍA .......... 44

Bibliography. ISO 690

[1] ISO 4, Information and documentation — Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications

[2] ISO 216, Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter — Trimmed sizes — A and B series, and indication of machine direction

[3] ISO 832, Information and documentation — Bibliographic description and references — Rules for the abbreviation of bibliographic terms

[4] ISO 2108, Information and documentation — International standard book number (ISBN)

[5] ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country codes

[6] ISO 3166-2, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 2: Country subdivision code

[7] ISO 3297:2007, Information and documentation — International standard serial number (ISSN)

[8] ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and times

[9] ISO/TR 9544:1988, Information processing — Computer-assisted publishing — Vocabulary

[10] ISO 10957, Information and documentation — International standard music number (ISMN)

[11] ISO 15836:2009, Information and documentation — The Dublin Core metadata element set

[12] International DOI Foundation, DOI Handbook [online]. © 2006. Updated 19 September 2007 [viewed 20 May 2008]. Available from: http://www.doi.org/hb.html

[13] WIPO Standard ST3, Recommended standard on two-letter codes for the representation of states, other entities and intergovernmental organizations. Revision adopted by the SCIT Standards and Documentation Working Group at its eighth session on 22 March 2007. In: WIPO Handbook on Industrial Property Information and Documentation [online]. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization April 2007. Available from: http://www.wipo.int/standards/en/part_03_standards.html

Examples of bibliographic references. Annex C (informative) to ISO 690

General

This annex gives examples of bibliographic references that comply with this International Standard.

Examples of references to printed book and similar monographic publications

EXAMPLE 1
ANDRI, Ivo. Il est un pont sur la Drina: chronique de Vichégrad. Translated from Serbo-Croatian into French by Georges LUCIANI. Paris: Plon, 1961.

EXAMPLE 2
BAARD, H.P. Frans Hals. Translated from the Dutch by George STUYCK. London: Thames and Hudson, 1981.

EXAMPLE 3
CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND). Children and their primary schools [Plowden Report]. London: HMSO, 1967.

EXAMPLE 4
FARRAR, Frederic William. Eric, or Little by Little: a tale of Roslyn School. London: Hamilton, 1971.

EXAMPLE 5
FOWLER, H.W. A dictionary of modern English usage. 2nd ed., revised by Sir Ernest GOWERS. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.

EXAMPLE 6
GORKI, Maxim. The Artamonovs [Delo Artamonovykh]. Translated from the Russian by Alec BROWN. London: Folio Society, 1955.

EXAMPLE 7
GREAT BRITAIN. Data Protection Act 1984. Schedule 1, c35, Part 1, Clause 7. London: HMSO.

EXAMPLE 8
HAMILTON, Alastair, Sjouke VOOLSTRA, and Piet VISSER, eds. From martyr to muppy (Mennonite urban professionals): a historical introduction to cultural assimilation processes of a religious minority in the Netherlands, the Mennonites. [Amsterdam, Netherlands]: Amsterdam University Press, 1994.

EXAMPLE 9
PARKER, T.J. and W.A. HASWELL. A text book of zoology. 6th ed. Vol. 1 revised by Otto LOWENSTEIN; vol. 2 revised by C. FORSTER-COOPER. London: Macmillan, 1940.

Examples of references to electronic books and online monographic publications

EXAMPLE 1
BAUM, L. Frank. The Wonderful Land of Oz [online]. Etext no. 17426. Read by Roy TRUMBULL. Project Gutenberg, 2005 [viewed 2 April 2006]. MP3 format, 4.08 MB. Available from: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17426/17426-mp3/17426-mp3-chap10.mp3

EXAMPLE 2
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE (IETF). RFC 3979: Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology [online]. Edited by S. Bradner. March 2005 [viewed 18 June 2006]. Available from: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3979.txt

EXAMPLE 3
KAFKA, Franz. The Trial [online]. Translated by David WYLLIE. Project Gutenberg, 2005. Updated 2006-03-08 15:35:09 [viewed 5 June 2006]. Plain text format, 462 KB. Available from: http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/ktria11.txt

Examples of references to contributions within printed monographic publications

EXAMPLE 1
AYMARD, Maurice, ed. Dutch capitalism and world capitalism. In: Studies in Modern Capitalism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 78-96.

EXAMPLE 2
BURCHARD, J.E. How humanists use a library. In: C.F.J. OVERHAGE and J.R. HARMAN, eds. Intrex: Report on a planning conference and information transfer experiments. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 3 Sep. 1965, pp. 41-87.

EXAMPLE 3
SMITH, C. Problems of information studies in history. In: S. STONE, ed. Humanities information research. Sheffield: CRUS, 1980, pp. 27-30.

Example of a reference to contributions within online monographic publications

EXAMPLE
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL [U.S.], Committee on the Training Needs of Health Professionals to Respond to Family Violence. Current Educational Activities in the Health Professions. In: Confronting Chronic Neglect: The Education and Training of Health Professionals on Family Violence [online]. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 2002, pp. 35-44 [viewed 23 June 2006]. Available from: http://darwin.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10127&page=35

Example of a reference to printed serial publications

EXAMPLE
Bulletin trimestriel. Institut archéologique du Luxembourg. 1925– . ISSN 0020-2177.

Examples of references to contributions within printed serial publications

Use of volume and pagination labels

Examples 1 to 4 in C.7.2 are shown without the use of the volume or pagination labels, in accordance with 10.3. Compare these examples to examples in C.4 where the labels are used.

Examples

EXAMPLE 1
AMAJOR, L.C. The Cenomanian hiatus in the Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria. Geological Magazine. 1985, 122(1), 39-50. ISSN 0016-7568.

EXAMPLE 2
ANDREWS, M., et al. Growth of Chara Lispida II. Shack adaptation. Journal of Ecology. 1984, 72(3), 885-895. ISSN 0022-0477.

EXAMPLE 3
BRY, I. and L. AFFLERBACH. In search of an organizing principle for behavioural science literature. Community Mental Health Journal. 1968, 4(1), 75-84. ISSN 0010-3853.

EXAMPLE 4
STIEG, M.F. The information needs of historians. College and Research Libraries. 1981, 42(6), 549-560. ISSN 0010-0870.

Examples of references to online serial publications

EXAMPLE 1
Acta Zoologica [online]. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., January 2006, vol. 87, issue 1 [viewed 6 July 2006]. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost Research Databases. ISSN 0001-7272. Available from: http://search.epnet.com

EXAMPLE 2
AJET: Australasian Journal of Educational Technology [online]. Australia: ASCILITE, Winter 2000, vol. 16, no.2 [viewed 23 Oct. 2003]. ISSN 0814-673X. Available from: http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet16/ajet16.html

Examples of references to contributions within online serial publications

EXAMPLE 1
ANDERSON, Donald E. Retire or refire: goals for the Final Lap from Philippians. In: Dissertation Abstracts International [database online]. DAI-A 51/04, 1990, p. 1258 [viewed 1 Oct. 1999]. Abstract of D.Min. diss., Talbot School of Theology, Biola University, 1990. ISSN 0717-3458. Available from Bell and Howell Information and Learning via e-mail to: umi@ppp.nasionet.net.

EXAMPLE
2 MYERS, Michael P., Jay YANG, and Per STAMPE. Visualization and functional analysis of a maxi-K channel (mSlo) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). EJB: Electronic Journal of Biotechnology [online]. Valparaiso (Chile): Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, 15 December 1999, vol. 2, no. 3 [viewed 28 June 2006]. ISSN 0717-3458. Available from: http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/content/vol2/issue3/full/3/3.pdf

EXAMPLE 3
STRINGER, John A., et al. Reduction of RF-induced sample heating with a scroll coil resonator structure for solid-state NMR probes. Journal of Magnetic Resonance [online]. Elsevier. March 2005, vol. 173(1), 40-48 [viewed 18 July 2006]. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2004.11.015

Examples of references to websites and contributions within websites

Example of a reference to an entire website

EXAMPLE
Words Without Borders: The online magazine for international literatura. PEN American Center, © 2005 [viewed 12 July 2006]. Available from: http://www.wordswithoutborders.org

Examples of references to specific contributions or parts of a website

EXAMPLE 1
CLARK, Carol. On the threshold of a brave new world. In: Blueprint of the body [online]. CNN.com, 2000 [viewed 24 August 2000; 10:25 EST]. In-depth specials. Available from: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/genome/storey/overview/

EXAMPLE 2
FREEMAN, John. Book reviews pushed to the margins [online]. The blog books. Guardian Unlimited, 25 April 2007, 12:27 BST [viewed 26 April 2007]. Available from: http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/books/2007/04/last_week_the_london_book.html

EXAMPLE 3
McLEAN, Renwick. Canary Islands species threatened by soft borders. International Herald Tribune [online]. Paris, France, 21 June 2006 [viewed 7 July 2006]. Available from: http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/06/20/news/ecology.php

EXAMPLE 4
PAX, Salam. Where Is Raed? [online]. Blogger. 21 Feb. 2003, 19:17 [viewed 10 July 2006]. Available from: http://dear_raed.blogspot.com. Path: Homepage; archive; 02/01/2003-02/28/2003

EXAMPLE 5
SEPÚLVEDA, Luz. The Death of God: Damien Hirst. Culturekiosque [online]. New York, Paris: Euromedia Group Ltd., 4 May 2006 [viewed 7 July 2006]. Available from: http://www.culturekiosque.com/art/comment/damien_hirst.html

EXAMPLE 6
US ISBN AGENCY. The digital world and the ongoing development of ISBN [online]. New Providence, NJ: RR Bowker, n.d. [viewed 16 August 2002]. Available from: http://www.isbn.org/standards/home/isbn/digitalworld.asp

EXAMPLE 7
Internet forum. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 7 July 2006, 11:32 [viewed 10 July 2006, 12:28]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_forum

Examples of references to electronic messages

Example of a reference to an entire message system

EXAMPLE
Planet Science [message board]. BBC Science & Nature message boards [viewed 13 May 2006]. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/mbsn/F2801717

Examples of references to specific electronic messages

EXAMPLE 1
FISHER, Fritz. Re: Shakespeare as required reading. In: USERNET newsgroup: humanities.lit.authors.shakespeare [online]. 29 May 1996; 0009:07:11 [viewed 4 June 1996; 13:03 EST]. Message-ID: 35CA25F7.3A9C@linguistik.uni-erlangen.de. Available from: Internet.

EXAMPLE 2
WOOPUD [sn. of Bert]. Problems with kernel 2.6.17-4. In: Ubuntu forums: Edgy Eft development [online]. 9 July 2006 [viewed 10 July 2006]. Available from: http://www.ubuntuforums.org/ Path: Ubuntu forums; Development discussion; Edgy Eft development.

Examples of references to computer software

Specific elements

Details regarding specific elements included in references to computer software are given in 15.3.

Examples

EXAMPLE 1
APPLE COMPUTER, INC. Mac OS X Update 10.4.7 Intel [software]. 27 June 2006 [accessed 15 July 2006]. Available from: http://www.apple.com Path: Homepage; Mac OS X; downloads; Apple.

EXAMPLE 2
MOZILLA FOUNDATION. Mozilla Firefox 1.5 [software]. 29 November 2005 [accessed 21 Jul 2006]. Available from: http://www.firefox.web.com

EXAMPLE 3
PARALOG AB. 3RIP® [program]. Version 4.0. Stockholm: Paralog, 1981 [accessed 20 March 1990].

Examples of references to films, videos and broadcasts

Specific elements

Details regarding specific elements included in references to films, videos and broadcasts are given in 15.6.

Examples of references to an entire film, video or broadcast

EXAMPLE 1
Cutter's Way [Cutter and Bone] [film]. Directed by Ivan PASSER. USA: Gürian Entertainments & United Artists, 1981.

EXAMPLE 2
Dave Allen at large. BBC TV, 25 February 2006.

EXAMPLE 3
DIMBLEBY, David. Any questions. BBC Radio, 4 March 2006.

EXAMPLE 4
HENDERSON, David. 1985 Reith lectures. BBC Radio, 3 and 4 Nov. – Dec. 1985.

EXAMPLE 5
The last command [silent film]. Directed by Josef VON STERNBERG. Paramount Pictures, 1928. London: distributed in the UK by Universal International Pictures (UK).

EXAMPLE 6
Macbeth [film]. Directed by Orson WELLES. USA: Republic Pictures, 1948. Location of 35 mm viewing copy: National Film Archive, London.

Examples of references to a specific section or part of a film, video or broadcast

EXAMPLE 1
Rogue Waves [podcast]. In: Engines of Our Ingenuity, Episode 2111 [online]. Radio, NPR. KUHF-FM Houston, 12 Jul. 2006. Available from: http://www.npr.org/rss/podcast.php?id=510030

EXAMPLE 2
THATCHER, Margaret. Interview. In: Six O'Clock News. TV, BBC 1, 29 Jan. 1986, 18:23 GMT.

Examples of references to graphic works

Specific elements

Details regarding specific elements included in references to graphic works are given in Specific categories of information resource > Graphic works.

Examples of references to separate graphic works

EXAMPLE 1
CHAGALL, Marc. Paris Through the Window. 1913 [digital image]. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. New York: Artists Rights Society (ARS); Paris: ADAGP, ©2005 [viewed 9 Sept. 2006]. Available from: http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_work_md_28_2.html JPEG, 298 px. by 286 px., 38.88 KB.

EXAMPLE 2
DANIELL, William fecit. Benj. West, R.A. [lithograph, b&w]. George DANCE, delineavit. London: 1809.

EXAMPLE 3
GOSSE, Sylvia (1881–1968). The Garden, Rowlandson House [etching and aquatint, 1912]. At: London: British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings. Register number 1915-27-41.

EXAMPLE 4
PELHAM, Henry, del. [Quin Abbey, Co. Clare. General view] [engraving]. Sparrow, sculpsit, 1794.

EXAMPLE 5
Rembrandt's Etchings. Amsterdam: van Gendt & Co. and London: A. Zwemmer Ltd, 1969, vol. I, Text, p. 154.

EXAMPLE 6
TOPICAL PRESS. [Chamberlain returns from Munich] [photograph]. London: BBC Hulton Picture Library, 1938, No. P36339.

Examples of references to graphic works issued as part of another information resource

EXAMPLE 1
DÜRER, Albrecht. A hare [watercolour, 1502]. In: E. SCHILLING, Albrecht Dürer Drawings and Watercolours. London: Zwemmer, 1949, frontispiece.

EXAMPLE 2
REMBRANDT, Harmensz van Rijn. The artist's mother seated, in an oriental headdress: half-length [etching, 1631]. British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings, [B348]. Catalogued in: Christopher WHITE and Karel G. BOON.

EXAMPLE 3
SPY [pseudonym of (Sir) Leslie WARD]. Convocation, caricature of the Very Revd Edward Bickersteth, Dean of Lichfield. From: JEHU, Junior [pseudonym of Thomas Gibson BOWLES]. In: Vanity Fair Album. London: 1884, vol. 16, Men of the Day, no. 321.

EXAMPLE 4
Flora dispensing her favours on the earth [engraving]. R.A. COSWAY, pinxit and T. WOOLNOTH sculpsit. In: Robert J. THORNTON, New illustration of the sexual system of Carolus von Linnaeus. London: 1799-1810, frontispiece. Use or reproduction copyright restrictions of image available from the Sterling Morton Library, The Morton Arboretum.

EXAMPLE 5
Untitled [Judo fighters] [photograph]. In: Starkey, Hannah. Moments in the modern world: photographic works by Hannah Starkey 1997–2000. Irish Museum of Modern Art, 2000. ISBN 1-873654-90-1.

Examples of references to maps

Specific elements

Details regarding specific elements included in references to maps are given in Specific categories of information resource > Cartographic material.

Examples of references to separately issued maps

EXAMPLE 1
CROWN LANDS AND SURVEY OFFICE, HONG KONG. [Hong Kong. 1:1,000. Series HP1C.] Hong Kong: CLSO, 1973. With contours and spot heights.

EXAMPLE 2
Etheldreda's Isle: a pictorial map of the Isle of Ely to commemorate the 1300th anniversary of the founding of Ely's conventual church. No scale. March (Cambs): T.A. Bevis, 1973. 400 mm × 490 mm. British Library Map Library 1640(42).

EXAMPLE 3
Germania: cum priuilegio. [ca. 1: 3,000,000.] [Antwerp: s.n., 1579.] 360 mm x 480 mm. University of Berne, the Ryhiner Map Collection Ryh 4301. [viewed 10 June 2006]. Available from: http://www.stub.unibe.ch/stub/ryhiner/ Path: Homepage; World maps…; Germany.

EXAMPLE 4
WAR OFFICE [UK]. USSR in Asia Maritime Provinces: sheet VI-8 Vladivostock. GSGS 4219. 1:420,000. First ed. Photolithographed and printed by War Office, 1941. Copied from a Russian Map.

EXAMPLE 5
[Wildlife sanctuaries of Trinidad.] [1:320,000.] Printed by Survey's litho printer [1967]. Publisher's number 139/67 T101.

EXAMPLE 6
WYLD, James. Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah... 1:8,000,000. London: James Wyld, 1839.

Example of a reference to a map issued as a contribution within another information resource

EXAMPLE
National topographic map series. [Queensland index map]. 1:100,000. In: Australia. Division of National Mapping. Statement of activities, 1 July 1984 – 30 June 1985. Annex A.1. ISSN 0811-9600.

Examples of references to sound recordings

Example of a reference to an entire sound recording

EXAMPLE
EVANS, Bill. Sleeve note to Kind of Blue. Sound disc. Columbia, 1959. CBS (E) SBPG 62066. Reissued in 1997 as Columbia Legacy CD CK 64935.

Example of a reference to a specific item within an aggregation (e.g. album) of sound recordings

EXAMPLE
GORDON, Dexter. Settin' the pace. In: Long Tall Dexter, the Savoy sessions. Sound disc. New York: Savoy, 1976. SIL 2211, side B, track 5. Distributed by Arista Records Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Originally released on Savoy MG 9003, 1947.

Examples of references to musical scores

Specific elements

Details regarding specific elements included in references to musical scores are given in Specific categories of information resource > Music.

Examples

EXAMPLE 1
BACH, C.Ph.E. Sonate G-moll für Violine und obligates Cembalo. Herausgegeben von Anne Marlene GURGEL. Leipzig: Peters, 1981.

EXAMPLE 2
BOMTEMPO, João Domingos (1775-1842). [Quinteto para piano e cordas] [18--] [online]. Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, Biblioteca Nacional Digital, 2006-06-23, 10:32:53 [viewed 19 July 2006]. Available from: http://purl.pt/792

EXAMPLE 3
BRITTEN, Benjamin. Eight folk song arrangements for high voice and harp. Osian ELLIS (Ed). London: Faber Music, 1980.

EXAMPLE 4
HANDEL, Georg Friedrich. Two trio sonatas for two violins and basso continuo [Op.5 no. 4, 5]. Edited by Siegfried Flesch. Kassel: Nagels Verlag; London: Bärenreiter, 1981.

EXAMPLE 5
KING'S SINGERS. Christmas with the King's Singers: six arrangements for mixed voices. London: Chappell Music, 1981.

EXAMPLE 6
MENDELSSOHN BARTHOLDY, Felix. Six Christmas pieces, op.72 [for piano]. Edited by Howard Ferguson. London: Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, 1983.

EXAMPLE 7
PACINI, Giovanni. Il Corsaro. Libretto by Giacomo FERRETTI after Lord Byron. A facsimile edition of the printed piano-vocal score with an introduction by Philip GOSSETT. New York, London: Garland Publishing, 1985.

Examples of references to patents

Specific elements

Details regarding specific elements included in references to patents are given in Specific categories of information resource > Patents.

Examples

EXAMPLE 1
CARL ZEISS JENA, VEB. Anordnung zur lichtelektrischen Erfassung der Mitte eines Lichtfeldes. Switzerland, Patentschrift 608626. 1979-01-15.

EXAMPLE 2
PHILIP MORRIS INC. Optical perforating apparatus and system. European patent

application 0021165 A1. 1981-01-07.

EXAMPLE 3
RES IN MOTION LTD (CA). Dual-mode keypad for a mobile device. Inventors: Frank M. TYNESKI, Mihal LAZARIDIS and Jason T GRIFFIN. EC: H04M1/23. IPC: H01H13/70; G06F3/023; H01H13/84; H04Q7/32; G06F3/023; H01H13/70; H04Q7/32. European patent application CA20062532242 20060105. 2006-07-07. European Patent Office [viewed 20 July 2006]. Available from: http://ep.espacenet.com

EXAMPLE 4
WINGET LTD. Detachable bulldozer attachment for dumper vehicles. Inventor: Reginald John ENGLAND. 8 March 1967. Appl: 10 June 1963. Int. CI: E02F 3/76. GB CI: E1F 12. GB Patent Specification 1060631.

Presentation of references. Annex B (informative) to ISO 690

General

The recommended elements to be included in most types of references to printed and electronic information resources, and the recommended order in which those elements should be presented, are specified in References to books and similar monographic ítems to Electronic messages, discussion lists, bulletin boards, etc.. Elements that are recommended for inclusion in all cases are indicated in bold type. Elements that are recommended only in particular circumstances (e.g. if applicable or if given on the item) are shown in bold italics. All other elements are optional.

The recommended arrangement of references within an alphabetical list is specified in Arrangement of alphabetical lists of references.

References to books and similar monographic ítems

Table B.1 shows the elements, in order, to be included in references to books and other separately issued monographic items in a range of formats (print, online, etc.).

Table B.1 — Reference to a book or other separately issued monographic item

[Click to enlarge the image]

Contribution within a book or similar monographic ítem

Table B.2 shows the elements, in order, to be included in references to contributions within books and similar monographic items in a range of formats (print, online, etc.).

Table B.2 — Reference to a contribution within a book or similar ítem

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Serials

Reference to an entire serial or entire issue of a serial

Table B.3 shows the elements, in order, to be included in references to serial publications in a range of formats (print, online, etc.).

Table B.3 — Reference to an entire serial or entire issue of a serial

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Contribution within a serial

Table B.4 shows the elements, in order, to be included in references to articles or other contributions within a serial publication in a range of formats (print, online, etc.).

Table B.4 — Reference to a contribution within a serial

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Electronic messages, discussion lists, bulletin boards, etc.

Table B.5 shows the elements, in order, to be included in references to e-mail messages and submissions to electronic discussion lists, bulletin boards, etc.

Table B.5 — References to electronic messages and similar items

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Arrangement of alphabetical lists of references

Alphabetical lists of references should be arranged according to the principles in a) to e), based on the first element given in the reference. See also Elements of a reference > Order of elements.

a) A creator's own writings precede any document he/she has cited.

b) A single-creator entry precedes a dual or multi-creator entry beginning with the same name.

c) Multiple entries by a single creator are arranged chronologically, with the earliest information resource first.

d) Multiple creator entries with the same first creator may be arranged chronologically after entries by the first creator alone or with one co-creator, in order to match citations in the information resource which give the first creator's name, “and others” or “et al.” after the date (see also Creator > Multiple creators).

e) Corporate creators (such as institutions) are alphabetized according to the first significant word of the name.

In special circumstances, an alternate order may be used if done so consistently for all references. For instance, in lists of references arranged in classified or subject order, it is often appropriate to place the title first and the creator second. In accession lists of maps, the area may be placed first. In lists of moving-image materials, the title is normally placed first.

Methods of citation. Annex A (informative) to ISO 690

Relation between citation in text and reference

Statements in a text should be linked to the bibliographic details of the information resources which support those statements in one of the three ways described in A.2 to A.4.

Name and date system (Harvard system)

Citation in text

The creator's name and the year of publication of the resource cited are given in the text in a name and date system. If the creator's name occurs naturally in the text, the year follows in parentheses, but if not, both name and year are in parentheses. In citations to particular parts of an information resource, the location of that part (e.g. page number) may be given after the year within the parentheses.

If two or more information resources have the same creator and year, they are distinguished by lower-case letters (a, b, c, etc.), following the year within the parentheses.

EXAMPLE
The notion of an invisible college has been explored in the sciences (Crane 1972). Its absence among historians is noted by Stieg (1981b, p. 556). It may be, as Burchard (1965) points out, that they have no assistants, or are reluctant to delegate (Smith 1980; Chapman 1981).

References

The references to the information resources cited in the text are arranged in a list in the alphabetical order of the creators' surnames, with the year of publication and lower-case letter, if any, immediately following the creator's name.

EXAMPLE 1
BURCHARD, J.E., 1965. How humanists use a library. In: C.F.J. OVERHAGE and J.R. HARMAN, eds. Intrex: Report on a planning conference and information transfer experiments. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 3 Sept. 1965, pp. 41-87.

EXAMPLE 2
CHAPMAN, J., 1981. Report to the British Library Research and Development Department [microfiche]. Birmingham: University School of History. S1/9/281.

EXAMPLE 3
CRANE, D., 1972. Invisible Colleges. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

EXAMPLE 4
SMITH, C., 1980. Problems of information studies in history. In: S. STONE, ed. Humanities information research, Sheffield: CRUS, pp. 27-30.

EXAMPLE 5
STIEG, M.F., 1981b. The information needs of historians. College and Research Libraries, 42(6), 549-560.

Numeric system

Citation in text

In the citation in text model, numerals in the text, in parentheses, brackets or superscript, refer to information resources in the order in which they are first cited. Subsequent citations of a particular information resource receive the same number as the first. If particular parts of an information resource are cited, page numbers, etc., may be given after the numerals.

EXAMPLE 1 The notion of an invisible college has been explored in the sciences26. Its absence among historians is noted by Stieg13 p. 556. It may be, as Burchard8 points out, that they have no assistants, or are reluctant to delegate^{27, 28}.

or

EXAMPLE 2 The notion of an invisible college has been explored in the sciences (26). Its absence among historians is noted by Stieg (13 p. 556). It may be, as Burchard (8) points out, that they have no assistants, or are reluctant to delegate (27, 28).

References

The references to the information resources should be arranged in their numerical order in a numbered list.

EXAMPLE

8. BURCHARD, J.E. How humanists use a library. In: C.F.J. OVERHAGE and J.R. HARMAN, eds. Intrex: Report on a planning conference and information transfer experiments. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 3 Sept. 1965, pp. 41-87.

...

13. STIEG, M.F. The information needs of historians. College and Research Libraries, 1981, 42(6), 549-560.

...

26. CRANE, D. Invisible Colleges. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

27. SMITH, C. Problems of information studies in history. In: S. STONE, ed. Humanities information research. Sheffield: CRUS, 1980, pp. 27-30.

28. CHAPMAN, J. Report to the British Library Research and Development Department [microfiche]. Birmingham: University School of History, 1981. S1/9/281.

Running notes

Citation in text

For running notes, numerals in the text, in parentheses, brackets or superscript, refer to notes, numbered in the order they occur in the text. The notes may contain references to cited information resources. Multiple citations of one information resource should be given separate note numbers.

EXAMPLE 1
The notion of an invisible college has been explored in the sciences³². Its absence among historians is noted by Stieg³³. It may be, as Burchard³⁴ points out, that they have no assistants, or are reluctant to delegate³⁵.

EXAMPLE 2
The notion of an invisible college has been explored in the sciences (32). Its absence among historians is noted by Stieg (33). It may be, as Burchard (34) points out, that they have no assistants, or are reluctant to delegate (35).

One note number should be used for each statement or group of statements supported by a citation; the corresponding note may include more than one source (see note 35 in Example 1 to Methods of citation > Running notes > References).

References

Notes should be presented in numerical order.

A note that refers to an information resource cited in an earlier note should either repeat the full reference or give the number of the earlier note, with any necessary page numbers, etc.

If names are abbreviated, the first note (note 1) should explain all such abbreviations or state where the explanations may be found.

EXAMPLE 1

1. The abbreviations used are:

CRUS = Centre for Research on User Studies

UGC = University Grants Committee

...

8. BURCHARD, J.E. How humanists use a library. In: C.F.J. OVERHAGE and J.R. HARMAN, eds. Intrex: Report on a planning conference and information transfer experiments. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 3 Sept. 1965, pp. 41-87.

...

15. STIEG, M.F. The information needs of historians. College and Research Libraries, 1981, 42(6), 549-560.

...

32. CRANE, D. Invisible colleges. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

33. STIEG, ref. 15, p. 556.

34. BURCHARD, ref. 8.

35. SMITH, C. Problems of information studies in history. In: S. STONE, ed. Humanities information research. Sheffield: CRUS, 1980, pp. 27-30.

36. CHAPMAN, J. Report to the British Library Research and Development Department [microfiche]. Birmingham: University School of History, 1981. S1/9/281.

EXAMPLE 2

1. The abbreviations used are listed on page 357.

...

8. BURCHARD, J.E. ...

Specific categories of information resource. ISO 690

General

The specifications in Clauses Elements of a reference to Additional general information apply to these specific categories of information resources in addition to the specifications below. See also Presentation of references (Annex B) > Electronic messages, discussion lists, bulletin boards, etc. for a listing of the elements and Examples of bibliographic references > Examples of bibliographic references to Examples of bibliographic references > Examples of references to musical scores for examples of these and other electronic resources.

Electronic information resources or parts and contributions thereof

General

Some additional or expanded descriptions of the required elements for citing and referencing electronic information resources are given in this clause, which cover the following: electronic monographs, databases and computer programs; electronic serials; electronic discussion lists, blogs and electronic messages.

Type of médium

The type of medium for the electronic information resource should be given in the medium designation (see Medium designation).

EXAMPLE 1
[online].

EXAMPLE 2
[disc].

If desired, the specific type of electronic information resource may also be given.

EXAMPLE 3
[online database].

EXAMPLE 4
[online serial].

EXAMPLE 5
[computer program].

EXAMPLE 6
[electronic mail].

EXAMPLE 7
[digital image].

EXAMPLE 8
[podcast].

EXAMPLE 9
[audiofile].

System requirements

Additional information concerning system requirements beyond that given in the medium designation should be recorded in a note. System requirements may include:

— the type of computer on which the information resource was designed to be read;

the name of the operating system and its version;

— the size of file;

the software requirements;

— the kind of characteristics of any or recommended peripherals.

The wording supplied by the electronic information resource or its documentation should be used. To reduce ambiguity, it is suggested that the words “system requirements” or an equivalent phrase precede this information.

EXAMPLE
System requirements: PC Windows 98, 2000, or XP; 32 MB RAM; 800 600 resolution colour display; Internet Explorer 5.0 or later; Flash 6 or later plug-in; sound card.

Edition

Because electronic information resources are often updated or expanded, they frequently carry a statement of edition. Such words as “edition”, “version”, “level” or “update” may be used. More traditional words such as “revised edition”, “third update” or “training level” may also appear. The number and other designation for the edition should be recorded in the terms given in the source.

EXAMPLE 1
5th edition.

EXAMPLE 2
Version 3.1.

EXAMPLE 3
1.0 Rev A.

Date of citation

The date on which the electronic information resource was actually seen should be given in brackets for information resources which may be subject to changes (e.g. online information resources) or when no other reliable date can be found in the source or the documentation. This date of citation should be preceded by the word “viewed” or an equivalent term.

For electronic monographs or contributions to monographs, the date when the material was accessed should follow:

a) the update/revision date, if one exists (see Edition > Updated versions); or

b) if no update/revision date exists, the numeration/pagination, if either exist; or

c) if neither the update/revision date nor the numeration/pagination exist, the date of the publication (see Elements of a reference > Order of elements and Production > Date).

For serials, this information should follow the numeration and pagination information (see Numeration and pagination).

EXAMPLE 1
[viewed 3 September 2006].

EXAMPLE 2
[viewed 2005-12-29].

EXAMPLE 3
[viewed 17 May 2008, 16:15 EST].

Availability and access

Additional information for identifying and locating the original information resource being cited (see Numeration and pagination > Order of elements) should be provided for online information resources. This information should be identified by the words “Available from” or an equivalent phrase (e.g. “Mode of access”) where appropriate.

The location information for online information resources within a computer network such as the Internet should refer to the copy of the resource which was actually seen, and it should include the network address for its location (e.g. URI, URL), as well as the method of access to the information resource if that method is not apparent in the network address itself. The elements of location information (e.g. address of the host computer, directory name, file name) should be transcribed with the same punctuation, upper-case and lowercase letters as given in the source.

EXAMPLE 1
Available from: http://www.collectionscanada.ca/moodie-traill/index-e.html

EXAMPLE 2
Available from Internet via anonymous FTP from: BORG.LIB.VT.EDU

EXAMPLE 3
Available from: MedlinePlus.

If the location information needs to be broken at the end of a line, the break should be made after a single or double solidus, but made before other punctuation marks.

EXAMPLE 4
Available from: http://www.lac-bac.gc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/
standard/690-2e.htm

EXAMPLE 5
Available from: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17426/17426-mp3/
17426-mp3-chap10.mp3

If it is deemed helpful for online information resources with long or complex location information, the path to the information resource may also be provided.

EXAMPLE 6
Available from: http://www.culturekiosque.com/art/comment/damien_hirst.html Path: Home; Art; The Death of God: Damien Hirst.

The DOI assigned to the information resource, if applicable, may be supplied in place of its online location information. A DOI or other persistent identifier is preferred to a URL that may change.

EXAMPLE 7 doi: 10.1000/ISBN1-900512-44-0

Other availability information

Information on any other locations or forms of the information resource may also be given. This information should be clearly separated from information which refers to the location of the actual information resource cited, and should be preceded by the words “also available” or an appropriate equivalent phrase.

EXAMPLE
Also available in PDF from: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/other/pinfield-elib/elibreport.pdf

Computer software

When citing computer software, the name(s) of the creator(s) should be given in preference to that of the distributor, even if the latter is more prominently displayed.

Version information should be included if available.

The date of publication should be the date on which the software was released for use. The date of citation should be the date on which the program was accessed in the context of the material being referenced.

Audiovisual material

For audiovisual material, sufficient information should be given about the format of the item to identify the requirements for its playback, e.g. DVD, 16 mm film, MPEG-4.

Cartographic material

General

The projection, prime meridian, orientation and reference systems such as grids and navigational lattices may be given if considered important.

Creator

For cartographic material, the creator's role may be indicated on the map by terms such as “by”,

“cartographer”, “compiled”, “corrected”, “dedicated”, “edited”, “designed”, “drawn”, “copied”, “made”, “engraved”, “revised”, or “updated”.

EXAMPLE 1
Wording on map: Surveyed by Isaac Taylor.
Originator cited: TAYLOR, Isaac.

EXAMPLE 2
Wording on map: Lake District: tourist map. Ordnance Survey.
Originator cited: ORDNANCE SURVEY.

Attributions may be given in the creator element or included in the additional information (see Additional general information). The name of an individual who is known to be the major contributor to the creation of a map should be included, even if it is not prominently displayed.

Production

If both printer and publisher are shown on a map, only the publisher's name should be given.

Map series designation

For cartographic material, the map series designation, if any, should be given in the form in which it appears in the preferred source, preceded, if appropriate, by the term “series”.

EXAMPLE 1
A.D. Maps. A.M. no. 677/2.

EXAMPLE 2
M726.

EXAMPLE 3
Series 1106.

Scale

For cartographic material, the scale should be given, normally as a ratio (calculated if necessary), e.g. “1:50,000”, or, if given otherwise on the map, it may be cited as it appears. “Scale not shown” or “scale indeterminable” may be used if necessary.

EXAMPLE
On the map: “one-inch-to-one-mile”.
Reference: “1:63,360” or “one-inch-to-one-mile”.

If the scale appears in graphic terms, e.g. a scale bar, it may be calculated as a ratio, e.g. “1:63,360” or given in the form on the map, e.g. “scale of miles, 10 [= 60 mm]”.

Size

For maps, charts and plans, the size should be given as the height followed by the width, in millimetres, measured between the neat lines. Other dimensions, such as sheet size, may be given if necessary.

EXAMPLE
1 250 mm 350 mm, sheet 600 mm 800 mm.

For three-dimensional items, height, width and depth should be given.

EXAMPLE
2 Model map: 450 mm 350 mm 20 mm.

For circular maps and globes, the diameter should be given.

EXAMPLE 3
Circular map: 500 mm diameter, on sheet 610 mm 550 mm.

EXAMPLE 4
Globe: 70 mm diameter.

Spectral information/cloud cover

For remotely sensed images, the spectral characteristics of the sensor should be given, together with details of the satellite system, if not given elsewhere in the citation. Information about the amount of cloud cover should be given if appropriate.

EXAMPLE 1
Bands 5, 6, 7, Landsat 2.

EXAMPLE 2
RBV, Landsat 3; 40% cloud cover.

EXAMPLE 3
Infra-red, Meteosat.

Films, videos and broadcasts

Title

Most films, videos and broadcasts are the co-operative output of many individuals, no one of whom has a dominant role as creator. They should be cited with the title as the first element in the reference.

EXAMPLE 1
Macbeth [film]. Directed by Orson WELLES.

EXAMPLE 2
The Archers. BBC Radio.

Creator

For the special purpose of the reference, or to distinguish items with the same title, names of individuals may be cited with their roles as director, producer, actor, etc. The director is preferred (see Creator > Selection). If one individual is clearly responsible for the intellectual content of an item, he or she should be given as creator in the first element.

EXAMPLE
HENDERSON, David. 1985 Reith lectures. BBC Radio, 3 and 4 Nov. – Dec. 1985.

Date

For films, the preferred date is the year of release in the country of production.

Programme within a series

For an individual programme within a series, the number and title of the episode should normally be given, as well as the series title, the transmitting organization and channel, and the full date (i.e. year, month, day and, if necessary, the time of transmission).

EXAMPLE 1
Yes, Prime Minister, Episode 1, The Ministerial Broadcast. BBC 2. 16 Jan. 1986.

EXAMPLE 2
News at Ten. ITV. 27 Jan. 2006. 22:00.

Contributions

Individual items within a programme should be cited as contributions (see Title > Distinction between title of contribution and title of host ítem).

EXAMPLE
THATCHER, Margaret. Interview. In: Six O'Clock News. BBC 1, 29 Jan. 1986, 18:23.

Graphic works

Creator

Several individuals may be concerned in the production of illustrative material. If their names are recorded on the item, they should be included with an indication of their roles, e.g. pinxit (painter), lithographer, sculpsit (sculptor).

EXAMPLE 1
DANIELL, William, fecit. Benj. West, R.A. [lithograph, b&w]. George DANCE, delineavit. London: 1809.

EXAMPLE 2
Flora dispensing her favours on the earth [engraving]. R.A. COSWAY, pinxit, and T. WOOLNOTH, sculpsit.

Location

If in a reference to a graphic work its known location in a library or repository is essential to its identification, location (see Location) should be treated as an essential element.

EXAMPLE
GOSSE, Sylvia (1881–1968). The Garden, Rowlandson House [etching and aquatint, 1912]. At: London: British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings. Register number 1915-27-41.

Part of another information resource

If a graphic work has been removed or reproduced from a known book or other item, it should be cited as part of that information resource.

EXAMPLE 1
SPY [pseud. of (Sir) Leslie WARD]. Convocation, caricature of the Very Revd Edward Bickersteth, Dean of Lichfield. From: JEHU, Junior [pseud. of Thomas Gibson BOWLES]. In: Vanity Fair Album. London: 1884, vol. 16, Men of the Day, no. 321.

EXAMPLE 2
DÜRER, Albrecht. A hare [watercolour, 1502]. In: E. SCHILLING, Albrecht Dürer Drawings and Watercolours. London: Zwemmer, 1949, frontispiece.

Music

Creator

In references to written or recorded music, the composer should normally be shown as the creator, even if a librettist is given equal prominence.

EXAMPLE
PACINI, Giovanni. II Corsaro. Libretto by Giacomo FERRETTI after Lord Byron.

Size

For music, a score that is musically identical with a full score, but reduced in size, may be described as a miniature score or pocket score if it does not exceed 200 mm in height, or as a study score if it excedes 200 mm in height.

Patents

The order of elements in a reference to a patent should be, with the exception of the date, the same as for a reference to a contribution within a serial (see Presentation of references (Annex B) > Serials > Reference to an entire serial or entire issue of a serial). The name of the proprietor or applicant creator (see Creator > Selection) should precede the title of the patent resource (contribution). The country name or code (see Creator > Organizations or groups > Organizations or groups) and the official designation of the series within which the patent resource is numbered (host resource) should follow.

The patent serial number should suffice as numeration.

If it is not already clear in the reference, the fact that an item is a patent should be stated.

Other information such as the name of the inventor, any classification symbols and the date of application preceded by “Appl:” may be given as additional information between the title and the official designation.

EXAMPLE 1
PHILIP MORRIS INC. Optical perforating apparatus and system. European patent application 0021165 A1. 1981-01-07.

EXAMPLE 2
WINGET LTD. Detachable bulldozer attachment for dumper vehicles. Inventor: Reginald John ENGLAND. 8 March 1967. Appl: 10 June 1963. Int. CI: E02F 3/76. GB CI: E1F 12. GB Patent Specification 1060631.

EXAMPLE 3
CARL ZEISS JENA, VEB. Anordnung zur lichtelektrischen Erfassung der Mitte eines Lichtfeldes. Switzerland, Patentschrift 608626. 1979-01-15.

Reports in series, standards and similar publications

Many reports and similar publications issued in series by research bodies and similar organizations are commonly identified by the series title and number. In references to such publications, the series title and number are essential elements, which may be abbreviated in a generally recognized form, e.g. FIPS PUBS for Federal Information Process Standards Publications.

EXAMPLE 1
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE. RFC 3979: Intellectual property rights in IETF technology [online]. Edited by S. Bradner. March 2005 [viewed 18 June 2006]. Available from: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3979.txt

EXAMPLE 2
NATIONAL INFORMATION STANDARDS ORGANIZATION. ANSI/NISO Z39.53-2001, Codes for the representation of languages for information interchange. Bethesda, Maryland: NISO Press, 2001. National Information Standards series. ISSN 1041-5653. Available from: http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-53-2001/.

EXAMPLE 3
ALTERNATE ENERGY ASSOCIATES. Electric-Car Range Extension Through Hybrid Modification. Final Report. Springfield, VA: NTIS, Jun 1982. DOE/R4/10448-T1. Order No.: DE84000396.

Additional general information. ISO 690

General

Additional categories of information that may be included in some references are given in Additional general information > General > Classification to Additional general information > General > Other information. When such information is included in a reference, it should comply with the guidelines recommended below.

Classification

If classification symbols recorded in the information resource are included, the classification scheme should be indicated.

EXAMPLE 1
UDC 001.811:025.171.

EXAMPLE 2
DDC 709.24.

EXAMPLE 3
Int. CI. E02F 3/76. GB CI. E1F 12. (Used with patents.)

Size

If the size of a printed information resource is included in a reference, it may, if appropriate, be given as:

a) the height only, in millimetres,

EXAMPLE 1
210 mm.

b) the height followed by the width, or,

EXAMPLE 2
210 mm x 150 mm.

c) if appropriate, the A-size designation (see ISO 216) followed, when necessary, by “landscape”.

EXAMPLE 3
A5 landscape.

Price and availability

Information about price and availability may be given, as quoted by the publisher.

Languages

The original language(s) used in the text or translations may be mentioned, if appropriate.

EXAMPLE 1
BAARD, H.P. Frans Hals. Translated from the Dutch by George STUYCK.

EXAMPLE 2
ANDRI, Ivo. Il est un pont sur la Drina: chronique de Vichégrad. Translated from Serbo-Croatian into French by Georges LUCIANI.

Registered trade mark

A registered trade mark may be denoted by the symbol “®”.

Other information

Other information relevant to the purposes of the particular reference may be included.

Location. ISO 690

If only a limited number of copies of an item are known to exist, “At:” should be given before the place name, qualified if necessary (see Production > Place > General), followed by the name of the repository that holds the cited copy and its call number (or other locator) in the form used by the repository. See also Specific categories of information resource > Electronic information resources or parts and contributions thereof > Availability and access and Specific categories of information resource > Graphic works > Location.

EXAMPLE
GOSSE, Sylvia (1881–1968). The Garden, Rowlandson House [etching and aquatint, 1912]. At: London: British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings. Register number 1915-27-41.

Identifiers. ISO 690

If an item has an international standard number (e.g. ISBN, ISAN, ISMN, ISRC) or other international identifier, e.g. Digital Object Identifier [DOI®1)], that uniquely identifies the resource, it shall be included in the reference (see also Title > Titles of serials > Key title and Specific categories of information resource > Electronic information resources or parts and contributions thereof > Availability and Access).

EXAMPLE 1
Geological Magazine. ISSN 0016-7568.

EXAMPLE 2
MANN, Thomas. Mario the magician & other stories. Translated from the German by H. T. Lowe-Porter. London: Vintage Classics, 2000. ISBN 0-7493-8662-2.

EXAMPLE 3
ROBINSON, R. Quiet and Poised: “Silent” Genes Accumulate Transcription Machinery. PLoS Biol. 2010, 8(1), e1000269. eISSN-1545-7885. ISSN-1544-9173. Available from: doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000269

1) DOI® is a registered trademark of the International DOI Foundation. This information is given for the convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named.

Series title and number. ISO 690

If a publication also carries the title of a series of which it forms a numbered or unnumbered component, the series title and the numeration of the publication within that series may be included in the reference. The series title and number should be recorded as they appear on the publication.

EXAMPLE 1
Oceanographic report series, 99-12.

EXAMPLE 2
Studies in aboriginal rights.

EXAMPLE 3
Handbook of motivation and cognition. The interpersonal context, vol. 3.

Numeration and pagination. ISO 690

General

The components of an item should be cited in the terms used in that information resource, their order following the principle that the larger precedes the smaller.

EXAMPLE
Data Protection Act 1984. Schedule 1, c 35, Part 1, clause 7.

Part cited

The reference should identify the part of the item that is cited. For a contribution, the number and designation of the smallest separately identified component should be given. See also Methods of citation > Name and date system (Harvard system) to Methods of citation > Running notes.

EXAMPLE 1
vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 25-45.

EXAMPLE 2
vol. 2, plate XXV.

EXAMPLE 3
fiche 4, frame B5.

In music, if reference to a particular bar is required, the most exact form of reference available should be used.

Bar numbers should not be cited unless they are printed on the score.

If the whole of an item is being cited, its extent may optionally be stated in brackets.

EXAMPLE 4
http://www.eursurveillance.org/ViewArticl.aspx [7pp].

Omission of terms

The term “volume” and terms for smaller components of a serial publication may be omitted and the numbers distinguished typographically, with the volume number in bold type and the part number, if required, in parentheses.

EXAMPLE
6(3), 25-45.

Production. ISO 690

Place

General

The place of production should be given as it appears most prominently in the preferred source. If the place is known but not mentioned in the preferred source, it may be supplied in brackets.

For larger, well-known places, the place name alone may be given. For smaller places, a qualifier should be added (e.g. county, department, state, province, country) to the place name.

EXAMPLE 1
London.

EXAMPLE 2
London (Ontario).

Names of countries, counties, etc., may be coded in accordance with ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2.

Multiple places

If two or more place names appear equally prominently in association with one publisher, distributor, producer, etc., only the first place name should be given.

Publisher or alternative

General

The organization or person shown most prominently in the preferred source (see Elements of a reference > Sources of data) as responsible for the production of the cited item should be given as publisher.

EXAMPLE
DIALOG INFORMATION SERVICES. Enhancements to the DIALOG Search System: DIALOG version 2 (user manual update). Palo Alto [California]: DIALOG, 1985 Nov. Technical Memo 5.

The organizations or people responsible are likely to be variously described in different kinds of items. The order of preference should be:

a) publisher or production company;

b) distributor or issuing body;

c) printer or manufacturer;

d) sponsoring body.

Publishers' names may be abbreviated by omitting details not essential for identification.

Multiple publishers

If the names of two or more organizations appear equally prominently in the same role, only the first should be given.

Sponsor, distributor, etc.

If appropriate, the name of a sponsoring body or distributor may be given as well as the publisher's.

EXAMPLE 1
Chichester: Phillimore, for the Society of Genealogists.

EXAMPLE 2
Paramount Pictures 1928. London: distributed in the UK by Universal International Pictures (UK).

EXAMPLE 3
Distributed by Arista Records Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Originally released on Savoy MG 9003, 1947.

Date

General

The date of publication, manufacture, distribution, execution, transmission, etc., should be cited. Normally the year is sufficient, but for some kinds of items (e.g. online information resources, newspapers, patents, television images and remotely-sensed images), the month and day, and sometimes the time, may be necessary.

For audiovisual materials cited from a transmission rather than from the physical item, the date and time of transmission and the transmitting organization should be given, if no other unique identifier of the particular edition is available.

If the copyright date is cited (see Multiple dates), it should be preceded by the symbol “©” or “cop”. Alternatively, the English word “copyright” or its equivalent in other languages may be used.

Year

The year should usually be given as it appears in the preferred source, however, years written as words in the information resource should be given as numerals in the reference.

If the information resource bears a date from a calendar system other than the Christian Era (CE), the applicable system should be given with the date and its equivalent in the CE calendar system should be supplied in brackets.

EXAMPLE 1
Jewish calendar 5685 [1925].

If the year given on the information resource is known to be incorrect, the correct year should also be supplied in brackets.

EXAMPLE 2
1959 [i.e. 1995].

Month, day, time

If a more precise date is required, it may be shown:

a) in numerals, in the order year, month, day and, if necessary, hour, minute, second (see ISO 8601);

EXAMPLE 1
1984-02-10, 13:43:11.

b) with the month spelled out, either in full or abbreviated, and with day, month, year and time given in the order used in the preferred sources (see Elements of a reference > Sources of data);

EXAMPLE 2
10 Feb. 1984.

c) if appropriate, as shown in the preferred source, e.g. the name of a season or a university term.

No date

If the year of publication is not given but can be ascertained, it should be supplied. If an exact date is not known, an approximate date, followed by a question mark or preceded by “ca.”, should be supplied. If no such approximation is possible, that should be stated.

EXAMPLE 1
[ca. 1750].

EXAMPLE 2
[16th century].

EXAMPLE 3
[no date].

Multiple dates

In a reference to a reprint, facsimile or other copy, the date of publication of that edition or, for a copy, the date of the original, should be given, along with the date of reprinting or copying.

EXAMPLE
1796 copied 1810.

If the date on the preferred source, e.g. a copyright date, is different from that of the publication date, both may be given.

If the copyright date is cited (see 9.3.5), it should be preceded by the symbol “©” or “cop”. Alternatively, the English word “copyright” or its equivalent in other languages may be used.

Year

The year should usually be given as it appears in the preferred source, however, years written as words in the information resource should be given as numerals in the reference.

If the information resource bears a date from a calendar system other than the Christian Era (CE), the applicable system should be given with the date and its equivalent in the CE calendar system should be supplied in brackets.

EXAMPLE 1
Jewish calendar 5685 [1925].

If the year given on the information resource is known to be incorrect, the correct year should also be supplied in brackets.

EXAMPLE 2
1959 [i.e. 1995].

Month, day, time

If a more precise date is required, it may be shown:

a) in numerals, in the order year, month, day and, if necessary, hour, minute, second (see ISO 8601);

EXAMPLE 1
1984-02-10, 13:43:11.

b) with the month spelled out, either in full or abbreviated, and with day, month, year and time given in the order used in the preferred sources (see Elements of a reference > Sources of data);

EXAMPLE 2
10 Feb. 1984.

c) if appropriate, as shown in the preferred source, e.g. the name of a season or a university term.

No date

If the year of publication is not given but can be ascertained, it should be supplied. If an exact date is not known, an approximate date, followed by a question mark or preceded by “ca.”, should be supplied. If no such approximation is possible, that should be stated.

EXAMPLE 1
[ca. 1750].

EXAMPLE 2
[16th century].

EXAMPLE 3
[no date].

Multiple dates

In a reference to a reprint, facsimile or other copy, the date of publication of that edition or, for a copy, the date of the original, should be given, along with the date of reprinting or copying.

EXAMPLE
1796 copied 1810.

If the date on the preferred source, e.g. a copyright date, is different from that of the publication date, both may be given.

Edition. ISO 690

Different editions

The edition should be specified in the terms, including symbols, used in the preferred source.

EXAMPLE 1
3rd ed., revised.

EXAMPLE 2
New enlarged edition.

If different editions of a journal are published in different countries, e.g. Canada and the USA, the country of publication should be given after the title.

Updated versions

For items that are likely to be updated, altered or destroyed, in whole or in part, the reference should make clear which version is being cited by giving the number of the release, update or equivalent, and the year, with, if necessary, the month, day and time (see 9.3.3), when that version was created or the information obtained.

EXAMPLE 1
PARALOG AB. 3RIP® [program]. Version 4.0. Stockholm: Paralog, 1981.

EXAMPLE 2
Financial Times Commodity Reports. Prestel®, page 248310, 1983-06-09 [consulted 1999-04-12, 13:57].

EXAMPLE 3
Mac OS X Update 10.4.7 Intel [software]. 27 June 2006.

For the use of the “®” symbol, see 14.6.

For clarity, both the original date of publication and the date of the update may be included.

EXAMPLE 4
International DOI Foundation. DOI Handbook [online]. ©2006. Updated 19 September 2007 [viewed 20 May 2008]. Available from: http://www.doi.org/hb.html

Medium designation. ISO 690

If necessary, information about the nature of the information resource and/or the form in which it is made available should be given in brackets. See also Specific categories of information resource > Electronic information resources or parts and contributions thereof > Type of medium on the medium designation for electronic information resources.

EXAMPLES

[Braille]

[cine film (35 mm)]

[computer tape reel]

[CD]

[DVD]

[Blu-ray disc]

[film strip (35 mm)]

[globe]

[map]

[microfiche (48x)]

[microfilm reel (16 mm negative)]

[photograph]

[score]

[slide (2 in.)]

[sound disc (45 rpm)]

[videocassette (VHS PAL)]

[wall chart]

Title. ISO 690

Form of title

Preferred form

The wording and spelling of the title should be given in the form in which it appears in the preferred source (see Elements of a reference > Sources of data).

Alternative forms

If alternative forms of title are given in the preferred source, the most prominent should be used. If several forms are given equal prominence, the form used should be one of the following, listed in order of preference:

a) a title in the language and script mainly used in the cited information resource;

b) the title given prominence by the order of titles or the layout;

c) a title in the language of the main target audience;

d) for cartographic material [in preference to a) or b)]:

1) an overprinted title,

2) a title in the title panel,

3) a title within the grid or other border which encloses the detail of a map,

4) a title elsewhere;

e) for graphic works:

1) a title forming part of the original design,

2) a handwritten title on the information resource, or custodian’s description,

3) a popular or traditional title, e.g. Mona Lisa;

f) other forms of title.

EXAMPLE
Eric, or Little by little: a tale of Roslyn School.

Other title

If the cited item is widely known by, or was originally issued under, a title different from that of the preferred source, the alternative may also be given, in brackets if necessary.

EXAMPLE 1
CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND). Children and their primary schools [Plowden Report].

EXAMPLE 2
Cutter’s Way [Cutter and Bone] [film].

EXAMPLE 3
GREAT BRITAIN. House of Commons. Official Report. Parliamentary debates [Hansard].

Long title

A title that is inconveniently long may be shortened by the omission of some words, but initial words, other than the definite or indefinite article, should not be omitted, nor should the sense be altered. The omittedwords, with the exception of omitted articles, should be replaced by three dots (for abbreviation of periodical titles, see Titles of serials > Abbreviation).

EXAMPLE

On source: Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah, comprising Asia Minor, Persia, India, Egypt and Arabia and including the Black, Caspian and Red Seas.

Reference: Map of the countries lying between Turkey and Birmah...

Subtitles

Subtitles should be included if they furnish essential information about the content of an information resource (see also Form of title > Ambiguous or incorrect title), otherwise they may be omitted.

EXAMPLE 1
Etheldreda's Isle: a pictorial map of the Isle of Ely to commemorate the 1300th anniversary of the founding of Ely's conventual church.

EXAMPLE 2
Eric, or Little by little: a tale of Roslyn School.

Ambiguous or incorrect title

Elucidation of a title that is ambiguous or fails to indicate clearly the content of the information resource may be supplied in brackets after the title. If a title contains an obscure abbreviation, the full form, if known, may be supplied.

EXAMPLE 1
Statistical digest of the war. [1939–1945].

EXAMPLE 2
Two trio sonatas for two violins and basso continuo. [Op.5 no. 4, 5.].

For cartographic material, the special subject and area covered should be supplied if not given in the title. The supplied name of a geographical area should be the name in use at the date of production, rather than a modern equivalent.

EXAMPLE 3
National topographic map series. 1:100,000. [Queensland index map].

EXAMPLE 4
Gull’s eye view [of Hugh Town, St Mary's, Scilly Isles].

No title

If there is no clear title in the cited item, a popular or traditional title may be given, if one exists. Otherwise, a title should be supplied in brackets, giving the following information:

a) the special subject matter;

b) the nature of the item (e.g. pamphlet, map, plan, drawing, index, engraving, photograph) and if applicable, the name of the object depicted (e.g. the person, building, location, etc.);

c) for a single cartographic item (e.g. atlas, single-sheet map), the area covered.

EXAMPLE 1
[Wildlife sanctuaries of Trinidad].

EXAMPLE 2
Untitled [Judo fighters] [photograph]. In: Starkey, Hannah. Moments in the modern world: photographic works by Hannah Starkey 1997–2000. Irish Museum of Modern Art, 2000. ISBN 1-873654-90-1.

For a map series as a whole, the scale and series designation should also be supplied, if they are necessary to distinguish the series from others of the same area.

EXAMPLE 3
[Western Australia forestry series. 1:63,360].

EXAMPLE 4
[Hong Kong. 1:1,000. Series HP1C].

For graphic works, the subject matter and print process should be supplied.

EXAMPLE 5
PELHAM, Henry, del. [Quin Abbey, Co. Clare. General view] [engraving].

Translation of title

The original title of a translated information resource, or a translation of the title, may be supplied immediately after the original title.

EXAMPLE 1
The Artamonovs [Delo Artamonvykh].

EXAMPLE 2
Delo Artamonovykh [The Artamonovs].

Titles of serials

Qualifiers for titles

If the title of a serial issued by a society or similar organization is insufficient in itself to identify the publication, the organization's name should be added.

EXAMPLE 1
Bulletin trimestriel. Institut archéologique du Luxembourg.

Serials with the same title should be distinguished from each other by the addition of the place of publication.

EXAMPLE 2
Natura (Amsterdam).
Natura (Bucharest).

Key title

The key title (see ISO 3297), if any, may be given in place of the form which appears in the preferred source (see Elements of a reference > Sources of data). The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) (see Identifiers) shall be included.

EXAMPLE 1
Geological Magazine. ISSN 0016-7568.

EXAMPLE 2
Journal of Technological Education [online]. ISSN 1045-1064.

Earlier or later titles

Earlier or later titles of a serial may be given, with the years when the title was in use.

EXAMPLE
British Journal of Physical Education. 1970– .

Journal of Physical Education. 1945–1954.

Physical Education. 1955–1959.

Abbreviation

Titles of periodicals for which no key title is available may be abbreviated in accordance with ISO 4. If there is any risk of ambiguity, the title should be given in full.

Distinction between title of contribution and title of host ítem

If the cited item is a contribution, its title shall be typographically distinguished from that of the host item. For monographic publications, the use of the word “In:” should precede the title of the host item. The use of the “In:” connector is not needed for citations that are contributions from journals and is optional for other types ofserial publications.

EXAMPLE 1
Belle de Jour. In: Magill’s Survey of cinema [online]. Pasadena [CA]: Salem Press, 1985– [viewed 1994-08-04]. Accession number 0050053. Available from: Dialog Information Services, Palo Alto [CA].

EXAMPLE 2
BRY, I., and L. AFFLERBACH. In search of an organizing principle for behavioural science literature. Community Mental Health Journal. 1968, 4(1), pp. 75-84. ISSN 0010-3853.

EXAMPLE 3
CLARK, Carol. On the threshold of a brave new world. In: Blueprint of the body [online]. CNN.com, 2000 [viewed 24 August 2000; 10:25 EST]. In-depth specials. Available from: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/genome/story/overview/

EXAMPLE 4
McCONNELL, W. H. Constitutional history. In: The Canadian encyclopaedia [CD-ROM]. Macintosh version 1.1. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, ©1993. ISBN 0-7710-1932-7.

EXAMPLE 5
MICHAEL, D. The effect of local deformations on the elastic interaction of cross walls coupled by beams. In: COULL, E.A. and B. STAFFORD-SMITH. Tall buildings. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1967.

In other languages, a connector other than “In” may be preferred, for example the use of “Julkaisussa” in Finnish.

EXAMPLE 6
SUHONEN, Pertti. Suomalaiset arvot ja politiikka. Julkaisussa: Aikamerkki. 1989, 62(1), 2-23.

Conferences

If regular conferences are held with the same title, it may be necessary to add the date and place of the conference for clarity.

Creator. ISO 690

Selection

The persons (see Personal names) or organizations (see Elements of a reference > Organizations or groups) shown most prominently in the preferred source (see Elements of a reference > Sources of data) as responsible for the content of the cited item, in its published form, should be given as creator. The creator’s role varies from one type of information resource to another. If there is no obvious creator, one should be selected from the following roles, listed in order of preference:

a) author, composer, librettist, mapping agency, surveyor, cartographer, copyist, system designer of software, patentee, patent applicant, artist, photographer, draughtsman, graphic designer;

b) conductor, performer of music, drama, etc., director of films, inventor;

c) compiler, editor, reviser;

d) translator, engraver, photographer of another creator’s work, copyist, arranger, software programmer;

e) publisher, online information provider, production company;

f) distributor, online host.

For cited information resources containing a number of contributors, a role with which a single creator is associated should be preferred to any role with which several creators are associated (see also Title first).

EXAMPLE 1
AYMARD, Maurice, ed. Dutch capitalism and world capitalism. In: Studies in Modern Capitalism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 78-96.

EXAMPLE 2
BRITTEN, Benjamin. Eight folk song arrangements for high voice and harp. Osian ELLIS (Ed). London: Faber Music, 1980.

EXAMPLE 3
KING’S SINGERS. Christmas with the King’s Singers: six arrangements for mixed voices. London: Chappell Music, 1981.

Personal names

General

Names of creators should normally be given in the form in which they appear in the preferred source (but see Variant forms), transliterated if necessary (see Elements of a reference > Transliteration).

Forenames or other secondary elements should be given after the surname, if at the beginning of the reference.

EXAMPLE 1
BACH, C.P.E.

EXAMPLE 2
DÜRER, Albrecht.

EXAMPLE 3
FOWLER, H.W.

EXAMPLE 4
GORDON, Dexter.

EXAMPLE 5
RAMON Y CAJAL, Santiago.

Treatment of secondary elements should follow the practice of the nation to which the creator belongs as closely as possible.

EXAMPLE 6
FALLA, Manuel de. [Spanish].

EXAMPLE 7
LA FONTAINE, Jean de. [French].

EXAMPLE 8
DE LA MARE, Walter. [English].

EXAMPLE 9
KLEIST, Heinrich von. [German].

Variant forms

If a creator’s name appears in different forms in different information resources cited in one work (e.g. Tchaikovsky, Chaikovski), the form used in the cited information resource should be retained. Only one form of the name, in brackets if necessary, should appear as the first element.

Additions

Additions to names indicating rank, office or status (academic, professional, etc.) may be retained or supplied to distinguish creators with the same names.

EXAMPLE 1
CLARK, William, ARIBA.

EXAMPLE 2
CLARK, William, MD, MRCP.

EXAMPLE 3
BALFOUR, Robert [Col.].

EXAMPLE 4
BALFOUR, Robert [Rev.].

Organizations or groups

Form of name

If the creator is an organization or group of people, the form of name used in the reference should be that which appears for the name in the bibliographic database being used for making the reference, usually a reference to a name in a national authority file, transliterated if necessary (see Elements of a reference > Transliteration).

EXAMPLE 1
ACADEMIA SCIENTIARUM FENNICA.

EXAMPLE 2
ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE.

EXAMPLE 3
AKADEMIYA NAUK SSSR.

EXAMPLE 4
INSTITUT GÉOGRAPHIQUE NATIONAL.

EXAMPLE 5
MAGYAR SZABVANYUGYI.

EXAMPLE 6
ROYAL SOCIETY.

If the name appears as a group of initials, the full form, if known, may be added in brackets, unless the body is usually identified by the initials only, e.g. UNESCO, NATO.

Ambiguous names

To distinguish between different bodies with the same name, the appropriate place name should be added.

EXAMPLE
TRINITY COLLEGE [Cambridge].
TRINITY COLLEGE [Dublin].

Subordinate body

If the name of an organization implies subordination to a parent body of which it is an organ or administrative division, or if its full significance depends upon the inclusion of the name of the parent body, the latter should be given first in the reference.

EXAMPLE 1
IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES. Paints Division.

EXAMPLE 2
MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERAL RESOURCES. Air Survey Department.

A subordinate body should appear under its own name if it has specific functions of its own and the full significance of its name is independent of that of the parent body.

EXAMPLE 3
ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE. [not INSTITUT DE FRANCE. Académie française].

EXAMPLE 4
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. [not UNITED NATIONS. World Health Organization].

Parent body

If the parent body is a state, a federation of states or a provincial, local or municipal authority, a name in general use should be given in preference to a full or correct official name. Foreign names may be given in the language of the information resource or in the language of the main target audience.

EXAMPLE 1
FRANCE. [for République française].

EXAMPLE 2
HULL. [for Kingston-upon-Hull].

EXAMPLE 3
WESTMINSTER. [for City of Westminster].

For patents (see Specific categories of information resource > Patents), the country of origin or originating office may be abbreviated according to the ISO 3166 country code or the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ST3 code.

EXAMPLE 4
GB. [for United Kingdom].

Multiple creators

Two or three creators

If there are two or three creators of equal status, their names should be given in the reference. The name that is given first should be in a form that is suitable to the alphabetical arrangement of a list, i.e. usually in inverted order (family name recorded first). The name(s) of the second and subsequent creators may be recorded in direct order, if desired. A consistent system of recording such names shall be used throughout the list of references.

EXAMPLE 1
MURET, Pierre and Philippe SAGNAC.

EXAMPLE 2
Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung and UNESCO.

EXAMPLE 3
QU H.Q., C. POLYCHRONAKOS, and TYPE I DIABETES GENETICS CONSORTIUM.

More than three creators

For works with four or more creators, all names should be given if possible. If any names are omitted, the name of the first creator shall be given followed by “and others” or “et al.”.

EXAMPLE FITTING, Hans and others.

Title first

For certain kinds of information resources (e.g. encyclopaedias) or if an item is the co-operative output of many individuals, none of whom has a dominant role as creator (e.g. films), the title should be used instead of a creator. For references to information resources with several creators, it may be appropriate to give the title or series title first (but see Selection). (See also Anonymous Works and Specific categories of information resource > Films, videos and broadcasts > Title)

EXAMPLE 1
Encyclopaedia Britannica.

EXAMPLE 2
The last command [silent film]. Directed by Josef VON STERNBERG.

EXAMPLE 3
60 years of cool. Blue Note Records OBSBN01, 1999.

Conferences

If no person or organization can be identified as the creator (see Selection) of the proceedings of a single conference, the name of the conference should be treated as the first element.

EXAMPLE
International Conference on Scientific information. Washington DC, 1958.

The numbered proceedings of a series of conferences should be treated as a serial.

Subsidiary creator

To facilitate identification of a particular information resource, or because of relevance to the purpose of the citation, the name of any editor, translator or other person who has collaborated in the production of that resource may be added after the title with an indication of the role, so placed in the reference that the relation between that role and the whole or part of the information resource is clear.

EXAMPLE 1
BAARD, H.P. Frans Hals. Translated from the Dutch by George STUYCK.

EXAMPLE 2
BACH, C.P.E. Sonate G-moll für Violine und obligates Cembalo. Herausgegeben von Anne Marlene GURGEL.

EXAMPLE 3
FOWLER, H.W. A dictionary of modern English usage. 2nd ed. Revised by Sir Ernest GOWERS.

EXAMPLE 4
Macbeth [film]. Directed by Orson WELLES.

Originators of multiple editions

If a new edition, abridgement or updated version of an information resource is produced by a new creator, the name of the first creator should be used if it appears as a creator in the preferred source.

EXAMPLE 1
PARKER, T.J., and W.A. HASWELL. A text book of zoology. 6th ed. Vol. 1 revised by Otto LOWENSTEIN; vol. 2 revised by C. FORSTER-COOPER. London: Macmillan, 1940.

EXAMPLE 2
GORDON, Dexter. Settin’ the pace. In: Long Tall Dexter, the Savoy Sessions [sound disc]. New York: Savoy, 1976, SIL 2211, side B, track 5. Distributed by Arista Records Inc., 1776 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Originally released on Savoy, MG 9003, 1947.

Pseudonyms

If a work has been issued under an assumed name, normally this name only should be given in the reference.

EXAMPLE 1
CARROLL, Lewis.

EXAMPLE 2
MAUROIS, André.

If the creator’s real name is known, it may also be supplied preceded by “pseud. of”.

EXAMPLE 3
BLAKE, Nicholas [pseud. of Cecil Day LEWIS].

EXAMPLE 4
Æ [pseud. of RUSSELL, George William].

Anonymous Works

For anonymous works cited by the name and date system (see Methods of citation > Name and date system (Harvard system)), “Anon” may be used instead of a creator’s name. For anonymous works cited by the numeric system (see Methods of citation > Numeric system) or running notes (see Methods of citation > Running notes), the title may be treated as the first element. If the creator’s name is known, it may be supplied.