Specific categories of information resource. ISO 690

General

The specifications in Clauses Elements of a reference to Additional general information apply to these specific categories of information resources in addition to the specifications below. See also Presentation of references (Annex B) > Electronic messages, discussion lists, bulletin boards, etc. for a listing of the elements and Examples of bibliographic references > Examples of bibliographic references to Examples of bibliographic references > Examples of references to musical scores for examples of these and other electronic resources.

Electronic information resources or parts and contributions thereof

General

Some additional or expanded descriptions of the required elements for citing and referencing electronic information resources are given in this clause, which cover the following: electronic monographs, databases and computer programs; electronic serials; electronic discussion lists, blogs and electronic messages.

Type of médium

The type of medium for the electronic information resource should be given in the medium designation (see Medium designation).

EXAMPLE 1
[online].

EXAMPLE 2
[disc].

If desired, the specific type of electronic information resource may also be given.

EXAMPLE 3
[online database].

EXAMPLE 4
[online serial].

EXAMPLE 5
[computer program].

EXAMPLE 6
[electronic mail].

EXAMPLE 7
[digital image].

EXAMPLE 8
[podcast].

EXAMPLE 9
[audiofile].

System requirements

Additional information concerning system requirements beyond that given in the medium designation should be recorded in a note. System requirements may include:

— the type of computer on which the information resource was designed to be read;

the name of the operating system and its version;

— the size of file;

the software requirements;

— the kind of characteristics of any or recommended peripherals.

The wording supplied by the electronic information resource or its documentation should be used. To reduce ambiguity, it is suggested that the words “system requirements” or an equivalent phrase precede this information.

EXAMPLE
System requirements: PC Windows 98, 2000, or XP; 32 MB RAM; 800 600 resolution colour display; Internet Explorer 5.0 or later; Flash 6 or later plug-in; sound card.

Edition

Because electronic information resources are often updated or expanded, they frequently carry a statement of edition. Such words as “edition”, “version”, “level” or “update” may be used. More traditional words such as “revised edition”, “third update” or “training level” may also appear. The number and other designation for the edition should be recorded in the terms given in the source.

EXAMPLE 1
5th edition.

EXAMPLE 2
Version 3.1.

EXAMPLE 3
1.0 Rev A.

Date of citation

The date on which the electronic information resource was actually seen should be given in brackets for information resources which may be subject to changes (e.g. online information resources) or when no other reliable date can be found in the source or the documentation. This date of citation should be preceded by the word “viewed” or an equivalent term.

For electronic monographs or contributions to monographs, the date when the material was accessed should follow:

a) the update/revision date, if one exists (see Edition > Updated versions); or

b) if no update/revision date exists, the numeration/pagination, if either exist; or

c) if neither the update/revision date nor the numeration/pagination exist, the date of the publication (see Elements of a reference > Order of elements and Production > Date).

For serials, this information should follow the numeration and pagination information (see Numeration and pagination).

EXAMPLE 1
[viewed 3 September 2006].

EXAMPLE 2
[viewed 2005-12-29].

EXAMPLE 3
[viewed 17 May 2008, 16:15 EST].

Availability and access

Additional information for identifying and locating the original information resource being cited (see Numeration and pagination > Order of elements) should be provided for online information resources. This information should be identified by the words “Available from” or an equivalent phrase (e.g. “Mode of access”) where appropriate.

The location information for online information resources within a computer network such as the Internet should refer to the copy of the resource which was actually seen, and it should include the network address for its location (e.g. URI, URL), as well as the method of access to the information resource if that method is not apparent in the network address itself. The elements of location information (e.g. address of the host computer, directory name, file name) should be transcribed with the same punctuation, upper-case and lowercase letters as given in the source.

EXAMPLE 1
Available from: http://www.collectionscanada.ca/moodie-traill/index-e.html

EXAMPLE 2
Available from Internet via anonymous FTP from: BORG.LIB.VT.EDU

EXAMPLE 3
Available from: MedlinePlus.

If the location information needs to be broken at the end of a line, the break should be made after a single or double solidus, but made before other punctuation marks.

EXAMPLE 4
Available from: http://www.lac-bac.gc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/
standard/690-2e.htm

EXAMPLE 5
Available from: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17426/17426-mp3/
17426-mp3-chap10.mp3

If it is deemed helpful for online information resources with long or complex location information, the path to the information resource may also be provided.

EXAMPLE 6
Available from: http://www.culturekiosque.com/art/comment/damien_hirst.html Path: Home; Art; The Death of God: Damien Hirst.

The DOI assigned to the information resource, if applicable, may be supplied in place of its online location information. A DOI or other persistent identifier is preferred to a URL that may change.

EXAMPLE 7 doi: 10.1000/ISBN1-900512-44-0

Other availability information

Information on any other locations or forms of the information resource may also be given. This information should be clearly separated from information which refers to the location of the actual information resource cited, and should be preceded by the words “also available” or an appropriate equivalent phrase.

EXAMPLE
Also available in PDF from: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/other/pinfield-elib/elibreport.pdf

Computer software

When citing computer software, the name(s) of the creator(s) should be given in preference to that of the distributor, even if the latter is more prominently displayed.

Version information should be included if available.

The date of publication should be the date on which the software was released for use. The date of citation should be the date on which the program was accessed in the context of the material being referenced.

Audiovisual material

For audiovisual material, sufficient information should be given about the format of the item to identify the requirements for its playback, e.g. DVD, 16 mm film, MPEG-4.

Cartographic material

General

The projection, prime meridian, orientation and reference systems such as grids and navigational lattices may be given if considered important.

Creator

For cartographic material, the creator's role may be indicated on the map by terms such as “by”,

“cartographer”, “compiled”, “corrected”, “dedicated”, “edited”, “designed”, “drawn”, “copied”, “made”, “engraved”, “revised”, or “updated”.

EXAMPLE 1
Wording on map: Surveyed by Isaac Taylor.
Originator cited: TAYLOR, Isaac.

EXAMPLE 2
Wording on map: Lake District: tourist map. Ordnance Survey.
Originator cited: ORDNANCE SURVEY.

Attributions may be given in the creator element or included in the additional information (see Additional general information). The name of an individual who is known to be the major contributor to the creation of a map should be included, even if it is not prominently displayed.

Production

If both printer and publisher are shown on a map, only the publisher's name should be given.

Map series designation

For cartographic material, the map series designation, if any, should be given in the form in which it appears in the preferred source, preceded, if appropriate, by the term “series”.

EXAMPLE 1
A.D. Maps. A.M. no. 677/2.

EXAMPLE 2
M726.

EXAMPLE 3
Series 1106.

Scale

For cartographic material, the scale should be given, normally as a ratio (calculated if necessary), e.g. “1:50,000”, or, if given otherwise on the map, it may be cited as it appears. “Scale not shown” or “scale indeterminable” may be used if necessary.

EXAMPLE
On the map: “one-inch-to-one-mile”.
Reference: “1:63,360” or “one-inch-to-one-mile”.

If the scale appears in graphic terms, e.g. a scale bar, it may be calculated as a ratio, e.g. “1:63,360” or given in the form on the map, e.g. “scale of miles, 10 [= 60 mm]”.

Size

For maps, charts and plans, the size should be given as the height followed by the width, in millimetres, measured between the neat lines. Other dimensions, such as sheet size, may be given if necessary.

EXAMPLE
1 250 mm 350 mm, sheet 600 mm 800 mm.

For three-dimensional items, height, width and depth should be given.

EXAMPLE
2 Model map: 450 mm 350 mm 20 mm.

For circular maps and globes, the diameter should be given.

EXAMPLE 3
Circular map: 500 mm diameter, on sheet 610 mm 550 mm.

EXAMPLE 4
Globe: 70 mm diameter.

Spectral information/cloud cover

For remotely sensed images, the spectral characteristics of the sensor should be given, together with details of the satellite system, if not given elsewhere in the citation. Information about the amount of cloud cover should be given if appropriate.

EXAMPLE 1
Bands 5, 6, 7, Landsat 2.

EXAMPLE 2
RBV, Landsat 3; 40% cloud cover.

EXAMPLE 3
Infra-red, Meteosat.

Films, videos and broadcasts

Title

Most films, videos and broadcasts are the co-operative output of many individuals, no one of whom has a dominant role as creator. They should be cited with the title as the first element in the reference.

EXAMPLE 1
Macbeth [film]. Directed by Orson WELLES.

EXAMPLE 2
The Archers. BBC Radio.

Creator

For the special purpose of the reference, or to distinguish items with the same title, names of individuals may be cited with their roles as director, producer, actor, etc. The director is preferred (see Creator > Selection). If one individual is clearly responsible for the intellectual content of an item, he or she should be given as creator in the first element.

EXAMPLE
HENDERSON, David. 1985 Reith lectures. BBC Radio, 3 and 4 Nov. – Dec. 1985.

Date

For films, the preferred date is the year of release in the country of production.

Programme within a series

For an individual programme within a series, the number and title of the episode should normally be given, as well as the series title, the transmitting organization and channel, and the full date (i.e. year, month, day and, if necessary, the time of transmission).

EXAMPLE 1
Yes, Prime Minister, Episode 1, The Ministerial Broadcast. BBC 2. 16 Jan. 1986.

EXAMPLE 2
News at Ten. ITV. 27 Jan. 2006. 22:00.

Contributions

Individual items within a programme should be cited as contributions (see Title > Distinction between title of contribution and title of host ítem).

EXAMPLE
THATCHER, Margaret. Interview. In: Six O'Clock News. BBC 1, 29 Jan. 1986, 18:23.

Graphic works

Creator

Several individuals may be concerned in the production of illustrative material. If their names are recorded on the item, they should be included with an indication of their roles, e.g. pinxit (painter), lithographer, sculpsit (sculptor).

EXAMPLE 1
DANIELL, William, fecit. Benj. West, R.A. [lithograph, b&w]. George DANCE, delineavit. London: 1809.

EXAMPLE 2
Flora dispensing her favours on the earth [engraving]. R.A. COSWAY, pinxit, and T. WOOLNOTH, sculpsit.

Location

If in a reference to a graphic work its known location in a library or repository is essential to its identification, location (see Location) should be treated as an essential element.

EXAMPLE
GOSSE, Sylvia (1881–1968). The Garden, Rowlandson House [etching and aquatint, 1912]. At: London: British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings. Register number 1915-27-41.

Part of another information resource

If a graphic work has been removed or reproduced from a known book or other item, it should be cited as part of that information resource.

EXAMPLE 1
SPY [pseud. of (Sir) Leslie WARD]. Convocation, caricature of the Very Revd Edward Bickersteth, Dean of Lichfield. From: JEHU, Junior [pseud. of Thomas Gibson BOWLES]. In: Vanity Fair Album. London: 1884, vol. 16, Men of the Day, no. 321.

EXAMPLE 2
DÜRER, Albrecht. A hare [watercolour, 1502]. In: E. SCHILLING, Albrecht Dürer Drawings and Watercolours. London: Zwemmer, 1949, frontispiece.

Music

Creator

In references to written or recorded music, the composer should normally be shown as the creator, even if a librettist is given equal prominence.

EXAMPLE
PACINI, Giovanni. II Corsaro. Libretto by Giacomo FERRETTI after Lord Byron.

Size

For music, a score that is musically identical with a full score, but reduced in size, may be described as a miniature score or pocket score if it does not exceed 200 mm in height, or as a study score if it excedes 200 mm in height.

Patents

The order of elements in a reference to a patent should be, with the exception of the date, the same as for a reference to a contribution within a serial (see Presentation of references (Annex B) > Serials > Reference to an entire serial or entire issue of a serial). The name of the proprietor or applicant creator (see Creator > Selection) should precede the title of the patent resource (contribution). The country name or code (see Creator > Organizations or groups > Organizations or groups) and the official designation of the series within which the patent resource is numbered (host resource) should follow.

The patent serial number should suffice as numeration.

If it is not already clear in the reference, the fact that an item is a patent should be stated.

Other information such as the name of the inventor, any classification symbols and the date of application preceded by “Appl:” may be given as additional information between the title and the official designation.

EXAMPLE 1
PHILIP MORRIS INC. Optical perforating apparatus and system. European patent application 0021165 A1. 1981-01-07.

EXAMPLE 2
WINGET LTD. Detachable bulldozer attachment for dumper vehicles. Inventor: Reginald John ENGLAND. 8 March 1967. Appl: 10 June 1963. Int. CI: E02F 3/76. GB CI: E1F 12. GB Patent Specification 1060631.

EXAMPLE 3
CARL ZEISS JENA, VEB. Anordnung zur lichtelektrischen Erfassung der Mitte eines Lichtfeldes. Switzerland, Patentschrift 608626. 1979-01-15.

Reports in series, standards and similar publications

Many reports and similar publications issued in series by research bodies and similar organizations are commonly identified by the series title and number. In references to such publications, the series title and number are essential elements, which may be abbreviated in a generally recognized form, e.g. FIPS PUBS for Federal Information Process Standards Publications.

EXAMPLE 1
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE. RFC 3979: Intellectual property rights in IETF technology [online]. Edited by S. Bradner. March 2005 [viewed 18 June 2006]. Available from: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3979.txt

EXAMPLE 2
NATIONAL INFORMATION STANDARDS ORGANIZATION. ANSI/NISO Z39.53-2001, Codes for the representation of languages for information interchange. Bethesda, Maryland: NISO Press, 2001. National Information Standards series. ISSN 1041-5653. Available from: http://www.niso.org/standards/z39-53-2001/.

EXAMPLE 3
ALTERNATE ENERGY ASSOCIATES. Electric-Car Range Extension Through Hybrid Modification. Final Report. Springfield, VA: NTIS, Jun 1982. DOE/R4/10448-T1. Order No.: DE84000396.