Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

A copyright date is identified by the symbol ©, the letter "c", or the word copyright preceding the date. If no date of publication can be found, but the publication contains a date of copyright, use the date of copyright preceded by the letter "c"; for example c2005.

Examples:

Kruger L, editor. Pain and touch. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; c1996. 394 p.

Mark BS, Incorvaia J, editors. The handbook of infant, child, and adolescent psychotherapy. Northvale (NJ): Jason Aronson Inc.; c1995-1997. 2 vol.

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Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

Specific Rules #4 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Date of publication and date of copyright

Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

Specific Rules #6 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication or copyright can be found

Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/27)

Specific Rules #4 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Date of publication and date of copyright

Some publications have both a date of publication and a date of copyright. A copyright date is identified by the symbol ©, the letter "c", or the word copyright preceding the date.

Use only the date of publication unless three or more years separate the two dates.

In this situation, use both dates, beginning with the year of publication.

Precede the date of copyright by the letter "c".

Separate the dates by a comma and a space. For example, "2002, c1997".

This convention alerts a user that the information in the publication is older than the date of publication implies.

Example:

Research Task Force on Risk-Based Inservice Testing Guidelines. Risk-based testing: development of guidelines. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 2000, c1996.

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Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/27)

Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

Translate names of seasons into English.

Capitalize them.

Do not abbreviate them.

For example:

balvan = Summer

outomno = Fall

hiver = Winter

pomlad = Spring

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Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

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Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

Specific Rules #6 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication or copyright can be found

Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/27)

Specific Rules #2 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Non-English names for months

Translate names of months into English.

Abbreviate them using the first three letters.

Capitalize them.

Examples:

mayo = May

luty = Feb

brezen = Mar

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Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

Specific Rules #4 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Date of publication and date of copyright

Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

Specific Rules #6 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication or copyright can be found

Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/27)

Specific Rules #1 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple years of publication

For multiple years of publication, separate the first and last year of publication by a hyphen. Do not shorten the second of the two years to the last two digits.

2002-2003

1997-1998

1999-2000

If months are given, place them after the year. Use English names for months and abbreviate them using the first three letters.

1999 Oct-2000 Mar

2002 Dec-2003 Jan

Separate multiple months of publication by a hyphen.

2005 Jan-Feb

1999 Dec-2000 Jan

Separate multiple seasons by a hyphen; for example, Fall-Winter. Do not abbreviate names of seasons.

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Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

Specific Rules #4 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Date of publication and date of copyright

Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

Specific Rules #6 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication or copyright can be found

Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/27)

General Rules for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style

Always give the year of publication.

Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to 2000.

Include the month of publication, if desired, after the year, such as 2004 May.

Use English names for months and abbreviate them using the first three letters, such as Jan.

End date information with a period.

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Specific Rules #3 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Seasons instead of months

Specific Rules #4 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Date of publication and date of copyright

Specific Rules #5 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication, but a date of copyright

Specific Rules #6 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No date of publication or copyright can be found

Specific Rules #7 for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Options for date of publication

Examples for Date of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/27)

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

If no publisher can be determined, use the words "publisher unknown" placed in square brackets.

Sciarra C. Harvey Cushing fondatore della neurochirurgia. Rome: [publisher unknown]; [1971?]. Italian.

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Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/26)

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

If more than one publisher is found in a document, use the first one given or the one set in the largest type or bold type.

An alternative is to use the publisher likely to be most familiar to the audience of the reference list. For example, use an American publisher for a US audience and a London publisher for a British one.

Do not list multiple publishers. For those publications with joint or co-publishers, use the name given first as the publisher and include the name of the other(s) as a note if desired. For example, use "Jointly published by the Canadian Pharmacists Association".

End publisher information with a semicolon.

Example: Chandler F, editor. Herbs: everyday reference for health professionals. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmacists Association; c2000. 240 p. Co-published by the Canadian Medical Association.

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Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

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Examples for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/26)

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Two or more organizations may co-publish a book.

Use the first organization appearing as publisher on the title page or the verso (back) of the title page.

Place the name of the other organization(s) as a note at the end of the citation, if desired.

Example:

Chandler F, editor. Herbs: everyday reference for health professionals. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmacists Association; c2000. 240 p. Co-published by the Canadian Medical Association.

Do not give more than one name as publisher.

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Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

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Examples for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/26)

Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

When citing publishers that are national bodies such as government agencies, if a nationality is not part of the name, place the country in parentheses after the name, using the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D).

National Cancer Institute (US)

National Society on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NZ)

Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd. (GB)

Royal College of Physicians (AU), Paediatrics & Child Health Division

Do not confuse the publisher with the distributor of documents for the publisher. For example, the most common distributors of US government agency publications are the US Government Printing Office (GPO) and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Designate the agency that issued the publication as the publisher and include distributor information as a note. Begin with the phrase "Available from" followed by a colon and a space. Add the name of the distributor, the city and state, and the accession or order number.

What kind of birth control is best for you? Rockville (MD): Food and Drug Administration (US); 2000. 12 p. Available from: US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; HE 20.4050:B 53/2000.

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Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/26)

Specific Rules #2 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Non-English names for publishers

Give publisher names in the roman alphabet (French, Spanish, Italian, etc.) in their original language.

Rome: Societa Editrice Universo;

Lisbon: Imprensa Medica;

Romanize names in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew.

Sofia (Bulgaria): Sofia Medizina i Fizkultura;

Romanize names or translate names in character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean). Place all translated publisher names in square brackets unless the translation is given in the publication.

Tokyo: Medikaru Rebyusha;

Beijing (China): [Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Population Research Institute];

Taiyuan (China): Shanxi ke xue ji she chu ban she;

[Note that the concept of capitalization does not exist in Chinese. Therefore in transliterating Chinese publisher names only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.]

If the name of a division or another part of an organization is included in the publisher information, give the names in hierarchical order from highest to lowest.

Valencia (Spain): Universidade de Valencia, Instituto de Historia de la Ciencia y Documentacion Lopez Pinero;

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

◦ Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

◦ Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

If desired, follow a non-English name with a translation. Place all translated publisher names in square brackets.

Aarhus (Denmark): Aarhus-Universitetsforlag [Aarhus University Press];

As an option, you may translate all publisher names not in English. Place all translated publisher names in square brackets unless the translation is given in the publication.

Aarhus (Denmark): [Aarhus University Press];

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Specific Rules #3 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher

Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

Specific Rules #6 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No publisher can be found

Examples for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/26)

Specific Rules #1 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Abbreviated words in publisher names

Abbreviate commonly used words in publisher names, if desired.

Examples:

Acad. for Academy

Assoc. for Association

Co. for Company

Coll. for College

Corp. for Corporation

Dept. for Department

Div. for Division

Inst. for Institute or Institution

Ltd. for Limited

Soc. for Society

Univ. for University

See Appendix C for more abbreviations of commonly used English words.

Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference in a list of references, abbreviate the same word in all references.

Follow all abbreviated words with a period.

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Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Specific Rules #5 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple publishers

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Examples for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/26)

General Rules for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style

A publisher is defined as the individual or organization issuing the book.

Record the name of the publisher as it appears in the publication, using whatever capitalization and punctuation is found there.

Abbreviate well-known publisher names if desired but with caution to avoid confusion. For example, "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." may become simply "Wiley".

When a division or other subsidiary part of a publisher is given, enter the publisher name first. For example: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.

End publisher information with a semicolon.

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Specific Rules #4 for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

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Examples for Publisher (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/26)

Specific Rules #4 for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: No place of publication can be found

If no place of publication can be found on the title page or its verso (back), but one can be found elsewhere in the publication or can be reasonably inferred (e.g., Chicago as the place for a publication of the American Medical Association), place the city in square brackets, such as "[Chicago]".

Marquis DK. Advance care planning: a practical guide for physicians. [Chicago]: AMA Press; c2001. 105 p.

If no place of publication can be found or inferred, use [place unknown].

Kuttner L. A child in pain: how to help, what to do. [place unknown]: Hartley & Marks; 1996. 271 p.

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Examples for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/25)

Specific Rules #3 for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Multiple places of publication

If more than one place of publication is found, use the first one or the one set in the largest type or in bold type. Do not give multiple places.

An alternative is to use the place of publication and publisher likely to be most familiar to the audience of the reference list. For example, use the place of an American publisher for a US audience and a London publisher for a British one.

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Examples for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/25)

Specific Rules #2 for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Joint publication

Two or more organizations may co-publish a book.

Use the city of the first organization found on the title page (or on the back of the title page if no place information appears on the title page), as the place of publication.

Place the name of the other organization(s) as a note at the end of the citation, if desired.

Chandler F, editor. Herbs: everyday reference for health professionals. Ottawa: Canadian Pharmacists Association; c2000. 240 p. Co-published by the Canadian Medical Association.

Do not give multiple places as place of publication or include multiple publishers.

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Examples for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/25)

Specific Rules #1 for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Non-US cities

Use the anglicized form of a city name, such as Rome for Roma and Moscow for Moskva, when possible. However, the name as found on the publication may always be used.

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

– Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

Follow Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the name of the province (see Appendix E), placed in parentheses:

Montreal (QC):

Ottawa (ON):

Vancouver (BC):

For cities in other countries, if the city is not well known or could be confused with another city of the same name, follow the city with the country name, either written in full or as the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D). Place the country name or code in parentheses.

London:

Rome:

Paris:

Madrid:

but

Malaga (Spain): or Malaga (ES):

Basel (Switzerland): or Basel (CH):

Oxford (England): or Oxford (GB):

As an option, use the country name or country code after all cities not in the US or Canada.

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Examples for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/25)

General Rules for Place of Publication (required) for Entire Books Vancouver Style

Place is defined as the city where the book was published.

Follow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the state or province (see Appendix E) to avoid confusion when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Palm Springs (CA) and Palm Springs (FL).

Follow cities in other countries with the name of the country, either written out or as the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D), when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Cambridge (MA) and Cambridge (England).

Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna for Wien.

End place information with a colon.

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Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

On rare occasions an organization will be listed as the editor.

Follow the instructions for entering Organizations as author/editor.

Place a comma, space, and the word editor after the organization name.

Example:

Swiss Pharmaceutical Society, editor. Index nominum: international drug directory. 18th ed. Stuttgart (Germany): Medpharm Scientific Publications; 2004. 1823 p.

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Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/21)

Specific Rules #3 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Non-English names for secondary authors

Translate the word found for editor, translator, illustrator, or other secondary author into English if possible. However, the wording found on the publication may always be used.

If not translated, ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in words. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

– Treat letters marked with diacritics or accents as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

To assist in identifying secondary authors, below is a brief list of non-English words for them:

Language	Word for Editor	Word for Translator	Word for Illustrator
French	redacteur	traducteur	illustrateur
	editeur
German	redakteur	ubersetzer	illustrator
	herausgeber	dolmetscher
Italian	redattore	traduttore	disegnatore
	curatore
	editore
Russian	redaktor	perevodchik	konstruktor
	izdatel
Spanish	redactor	traductor	ilustrador
	editor

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General Rules for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: More than one type of secondary author

Specific Rules #2 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Secondary author performing more than one role

Specific Rules #3 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Non-English names for secondary authors

Specific Rules #4 for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style: Organization as editor

Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors (optional) for Entire Books Vancouver Style (2015/08/21)