Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta PL6 007. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta PL6 007. Mostrar todas las entradas

junio 13, 2014

Pragmática. The International Pragmatics Association (IPrA)

En todos los niveles de habla, desde el más cuidado hasta el coloquial cotidiano, oímos la recomendación de escuchar antes de hablar, así como de informarnos y documentarnos para dar el contenido adecuado a nuestras palabras. Escuchar y saber o conocer antes de hablar, en resumen. Son una recomendación y un principio de actuación de los que diríamos de sentido común, de inteligencia elemental, que además resulta ser lo más científico, ético y, según el caso, hasta de justicia. Tienen en su contra la consabida vanidad, las prisas, en fin, la condición humana que se traduce en limitación, siendo capaz también de lo contrario, de récords asombrosos por el lado de las alturas y las anchuras de miras y de realizaciones.

La ciencia de la pragmática se ocupa de estudiar principalmente a nuestro receptor y a todo lo que rodea cualquier acto de habla, es decir, cualquier performance comunicativa. Conocer esta ciencia aumentará nuestro saber, nos hará disfrutar y contribuirá a nuestra comunicación, pero como un elemento más, aunque pueda ser que decisivo en algún momento.

Los estudiosos de la pragmática en el mundo se agrupan en entidades científico académicas como la International Pragmatics Association (IprA), con sede en Amberes (Bélgica), en la actualidad encabezada por el finlandés Jan-Ola Östman, de la Universidad de Helsinki.

Así se presenta la IprA:

«The International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) is an international scientific organization devoted to the study of language use. Established in 1986, it now has over 1,200 members in over 60 countries world-wide. It is listed in The World of Learning, and it is a recognized member of the Consortium of Affiliates for International Programs of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. [...]

»IPrA's scientific goals

»The International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) was established in 1986 to represent the field of pragmatics in its widest interdisciplinary sense as a functional (i.e. cognitive, social, and cultural) perspective on language and communication. In particular, it pursues the following goals:

»– the search for a coherent general framework for the discussion and comparison of results of the fundamental research, in various disciplines, carried out by those dealing with aspects of language use or the functionality of language;

»– the stimulation of various fields of application (such as language teaching, the study of problems of intercultural and international communication, the treatment of patients with language disorders, the development of computer communication systems, etc.);

»– the dissemination of knowledge about pragmatic aspects of language, not only among pragmaticians of various 'denominations' and students of language in general, but in principle among everyone who, personally or professionally, could benefit from more insight into problems of language use.»


Un recurso de interés que la IprA ofrece en línea es este sitio de bibliografía sobre pragmática y cuestiones conexas.






junio 12, 2014

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English


Use the English form for names of cities and countries when possible. However, the name as found on the publication may always be used.

Moskva becomes Moscow

Wien becomes Vienna

Italia becomes Italy

Espana becomes Spain


Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






junio 11, 2014

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English


Give the affiliation of all authors or only the first author.

Begin with the department and name of the organization, followed by the city, the two-letter abbreviation for the US state or Canadian province (see Appendix E), and the country name or two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D) if non-US.

For non-English organizational names in the roman alphabet (primarily European languages, such as French, German, Spanish, Italian, Swedish, etc.), provide the name in the original language.

Carpentier AF (Service de Neurologie, Hospital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France), Moreno Perez D (Unidad de Infectologia e Inmunodeficiencias, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Materno-Infantil Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain)

Pinet LM (Departamento de Servicios de Salud de Emergencia, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Maryland, Condado de Baltimore, USA. lpinetl@umbc.edu).

Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) or translate organizational names in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, or Hebrew. A good authority for romanization is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables.

Barbulescu M (Clinica Chirurgicala, Spitalul Clinic Coltea, Bucuresti), Burcos T, Ungureanu CD, Zodieru-Popa I.

Grudinina NA (Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia), Golubkov VI, Tikhomirova OS, Brezhneva TV, Hanson KP, Vasilyev VB, Mandelshtam MY.

Translate organizational names in character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean).

Susaki K (First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan), Bandoh S, Fujita J, Kanaji N, Ishii T, Kubo A, Ishida T.

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

– Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u


– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe


Use the English form of names for cities and countries when possible. For example, Vienna for Wien and Spain for Espana. However, the name found on the publication may always be used.

Place the affiliation in parentheses.


Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






junio 10, 2014

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included


Follow the US state, Canadian province, or country of the author with a period and a space.

Insert the e-mail address as it appears in the publication.

Do not end an e-mail address with a period.

Place the e-mail address within the closing parenthesis for the author affiliation.

Example:

Patrias K (Reference Section, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda MD. patrias@nlm.nih.gov), de la Cruz FF (Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. delacruz@nichd.nih.gov).


Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






junio 06, 2014

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations


Abbreviate commonly used words in affiliations, if desired. Follow all abbreviated words with a period.

Examples:

Acad. for Academy

Assoc. for Association

Co. for Company

Coll. for College

Corp. for Corporation

Dept. for Department

Div. for Division

Inst. for Institute or Institution

Soc. for Society

Univ. for University


Abbreviate names of US states and Canadian provinces using their official two-letter abbreviations.

Abbreviate names of countries outside of the US and Canada using the two-letter ISO country code, if desired.

Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference, abbreviate the same word in all references.


Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






«Presuposición»


En el post anterior dedicado a pragmática, tema de los viernes en la etapa actual del blog, compartí unas sencillas experiencias, o más bien, recuerdos de experiencias, que pueden situarnos en el ejercicio de equilibrismo, en el que se convierte la comunicación textual, siempre que pasamos a considerar la cuestión de los sobrentendidos.

El viernes pasado mencionaba el sencillo criterio de no dar nada por sobrentendido, a riesgo de que aquello que consideramos que se sobrentiende sea ignorado y entonces nuestra comunicación naufrague.

Hoy nos ponemos en la otra orilla, en la de valorar qué sobrentendidos pueden desprenderse de nuestro texto, qué presuposiciones permitimos que nuestro lector, oyente, público, etc. infiera de lo que decimos.

Ayuda a reflexionar esta entrada del Diccionario de términos clave de ELE del Centro Virtual Cervantes. Omito la última parte, específicamente dedicada a pautas de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera.


«Presuposición»

«Se entiende por presuposición un tipo de información que si bien no está dicha explícitamente, se desprende necesariamente del enunciado.

»El concepto técnico de ‘presuposición’ procede de la filosofía. Levinson (1983) presenta un amplio recorrido histórico sobre la concepción del término. Entendida en principio como un concepto propio de la lógica semántica, desde el análisis del discurso se ha indagado en otro tipo de presuposición que escapa del análisis estrictamente lógico, ya que se basa en el conocimiento previo que se da por supuesto y compartido por las personas que participan en el acto comunicativo. Este tipo de presuposición se conoce con el nombre de presuposición pragmática o implicatura.

»Como características lógicas fundamentales de la presuposición se señalan normalmente las siguientes:

»1. La presuposición permite dar cuenta de la veracidad del enunciado del que forma parte. Así, por ejemplo ante un enunciado como [Alberto ha dejado de quererme] se presupone [Alberto me quería]; idea que debe ser cierta para que también lo sea el enunciado desde el que se deriva la presuposición.

»2. La presuposición sigue siendo válida aun negando el enunciado del que se deriva. Así, [Alberto no ha dejado de quererme] sigue presuponiéndose que [Alberto me quería].

»3. Las presuposiciones, por ser significados convencionales de las expresiones, no se pueden fácilmente anular, sin que el hablante se contradiga. [Alberto ha dejado de quererme, pero nunca me quiso].»






junio 05, 2014

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style


Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author.

Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed by city and state/Canadian province/country.

Use commas to separate parts of the affiliation.

Place the affiliation in parentheses, such as (Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA).

Separate the affiliation from its author by a space.

Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closing parenthesis, unless it is the affiliation of the last author, then use a period.


Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






junio 04, 2014

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names


The following formats are not NLM practice for citing authors, but are acceptable options:


Full first names of authors may be given. Separate the surname from the given name or initials by a comma; follow initials with a period; separate successive names by a semicolon.

Takagi, Yasushi; Harada, Jun; Chiarugi, Alberto M.; Moskowitz, Michael A. Mann, Frederick D.; Swartz, Mary N.; Little, R.T.


If space is a consideration, the number of authors may be limited to a specific number, such as the first three authors or first six authors. Follow the last named author by a comma and "et al." or "and others."

Rastan S, Hough T, Kierman A, et al.

Adler DG, Baron TH, Davila RE, Egan J, Hirota WK, Leighton JA, and others.


If both individuals and an organization or organizations appear on the title page of an article as authors, the individuals may be given as the author and the organization listed at the end of the reference as a note.

Cox JL, Ramer SA, Lee DS, Humphries K, Pilote L, Svenson L, Tu JV. Pharmacological treatment of congestive heart failure in Canada: a description of care in five provinces. Can J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 15;21(4):337-43. Authors are investigators of the Canadian Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Team.



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






junio 03, 2014

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found


If no person or organization can be found as the author but editors or translators are present, begin the reference with the names of the editors or translators. Follow the same rules used for author names, but end the list of names with a comma and the specific role, that is, editor or translator.

Morrison CP, Court FG, editors.

Walser E, translator.


If no person or organization can be identified as the author and no editors or translators are given, begin the reference with the title of the article. Do not use anonymous.

New accreditation product approved for systems under the ambulatory and home care programs. Jt Comm Perspect. 2005 May;25(5):8.



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






mayo 30, 2014

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

An organization such as a university, society, association, corporation, or governmental body may be an author.

- Omit "The" preceding an organizational name.

The American Cancer Society becomes American Cancer Society


- If a division or other part of an organization is included in the publication, give the parts of the name in descending hierarchical order, separated by commas.

American Medical Association, Committee on Ethics.

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division.

American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Outcomes, Working Group.


- When citing organizations that are national bodies such as government agencies, if a nationality is not part of the name, place the country in parentheses after the name, using the two-letter ISO country code National Academy of Sciences (US).

Royal Marsden Hospital Bone-Marrow Transplantation Team (GB).


- Separate two or more different organizations by a semicolon.

Canadian Association of Orthodontists; Canadian Dental Association.

American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; American College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee.


- If both individuals and an organization(s) appear on the title page of an article as authors, give both, in the order they appear in the article, and separate them by a semicolon.

Sugarman J, Getz K, Speckman JL, Byrne MM, Gerson J, Emanuel EJ; Consortium to Evaluate Clinical Research Ethics. Pinol V, Castells A, Andreu M, Castellvi-Bel S, Alenda C, Llor X, Xicola RM, Rodriguez-Moranta F, Paya A, Jover R, Bessa X; Spanish Gastroenterological Association, Gastrointestinal Oncology Group.

Margulies EH; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program; Maduro VV, Thomas PJ, Tomkins JP, Amemiya CT, Luo M, Green ED.


- For names of organizations in languages other than English:

-- Give names in languages using the roman alphabet (primarily European languages, such as French, Italian, Spanish, German, Swedish, etc.) as they appear in the publication. When possible follow a non-English name with a translation, placed in square brackets.

Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR.

Universitatsmedizin Berlin.

Nordisk Anaestesiologisk Forening [Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiologists].


-- Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) or translate names of organizations in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, or Hebrew. A good authority for romanization is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables. When possible follow a non-English name with a translation. Place all translations in square brackets.

Rossiiskoe Respiratornoe Obshchestvo [Russian Respiratory Society].

or

[Russian Respiratory Society].


-- Translate names of organizations in character-based languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Place all translations in square brackets.

[Chinese Medical Society].


-- Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

--- Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

--- Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






mayo 29, 2014

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)


Romanization, a form of transliteration, means using the roman (Latin) alphabet to represent the letters or characters of another alphabet. A good authority for romanization is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables.

Romanize names in Cyrillic (Russian, Bulgarian, etc.), Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or character-based languages, such as Chinese and Japanese.

Capitalize only the first letter of romanized names when the original initial is represented by more than one letter.

Iu. A. Iakontov becomes Iakontov IuA

G. Th. Tsakalos becomes Tsakalos GTh

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

- Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

- Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






mayo 28, 2014

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III


Place family designations of rank after the initials, without punctuation.

Convert roman numerals to arabic ordinals.

Examples:

Vincent T. DeVita, Jr. becomes DeVita VT Jr

James G. Jones II becomes Jones JG 2nd

John A. Adams III becomes Adams JA 3rd

Henry B. Cooper IV becomes Cooper HB 4th



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






mayo 27, 2014

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name


Omit degrees, titles, and honors that follow a personal name, such as M.D.

James A. Reed, M.D., F.R.C.S. becomes Reed JA

Katherine Schmidt, Ph.D. becomes Schmidt K

Robert V. Lang, Major, US Army becomes Lang RV


Omit rank and honors that precede a name, such as Colonel or Sir

Sir Frances Hildebrand becomes Hildebrand F

Dr. Kristine Eberhard becomes Eberhard K

Captain R. C. Williams becomes Williams RC



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






Desde el significado ordinario de las palabras al significado de los textos legales


En sus comienzos, este blog encarecía el conocimiento y aplicación de la normativa académica en el uso profesional y público del lenguaje, por la razón sencilla (y buena y fuerte, en mi sentir) de llevar a cabo la tendencia intrínseca de la comunicación, que es unir a las personas, en el sentido de enlazar sus respectivas capacidades de comprensión y de expresión en un determinado momento de comunicación.

Compartir un mismo código es una garantía de éxito en la comunicación, de que esta llega a su meta. ¿Dónde se encuentra ese código común? ¿Cómo se puede conocer? Si aspiramos a conocer el código común del castellano, para la sociedad hablante en los límites del Estado español, este código idiomático común es fijado por la Academia Española de la Lengua, como institución designada para ello. Así lo indica su reglamento, establecido por el Real Decreto al que puedes acceder a través del enlace en la columna lateral, en último lugar en el apartado de enlaces académicos. Así, idioma castellano y norma, código común y normativa académica interseccionan ampliamente y llegan a ser en gran parte equivalentes.

Son las obras académicas, especialmente los diccionarios, gramática y ortografía, el instrumento para adquirir este conocimiento. En cambio, el medio de hacerlo está inventado desde muchos siglos antes y en muchas otras materias: hincar los codos, coloquialmente dicho, esforzarse en el estudio y el aprendizaje práctico.

En esta línea, encuentro de gran interés el artículo que comparto hoy martes, día que en esta etapa del blog se dedica a la lingüística del texto. Trata sobre la situación que se genera cuando un juez remite o se remite al significado ordinario de las palabras para interpretar los textos legales. Qué hace que un significado sea el ordinario de una palabra y qué factores son determinantes para identificarlo y conceptualizarlo son dos cuestiones cruciales para la interpretación de textos legales, afirma Brian G. Slocum, profesor en la McGeorge School of Law de la University of the Pacific (Sacramente, California. Estados Unidos). De ellas trata en este estudio que ha titulado «The Ordinary Meaning of Rules», dado a conocer como conferencia en el congreso Rules 2013, celebrado con el lema Problems of Normativity, Rules and Rule-Following, que dará título al libro de sus actas, en proceso de publicación en este momento.

Es un texto que puede ayudarnos a comprender y argumentar el lugar insustituible de los criterios académicos a la hora de realizar nuestro trabajo y darle sentido y justificación, ante el receptor que es nuestro cliente o público y ante el público de éste, probablemente también clientes. Dichos criterios, en los que se plasma el idioma que compartimos, son un marchamo de calidad y una garantía de la comunicabilidad de los textos que creamos.

El abstract a continuación y el índice del trabajo están tomados del texto completo del artículo, disponible en la Social Science Research Network. También lo archivo en el Drive de este blog y habrá que seguir su estado de publicación.


Slocum, Brian G., The Ordinary Meaning of Rules (May 10, 2014). Problems of Normativity, Rules and Rule-Following (Springer 2014). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2435462


Abstract:

«Judges typically claim that rules contained in legal texts are interpreted in accordance with their ordinary meaning. It follows that the constituent question of what makes some meaning the ordinary one and the evidential question of how the determinants of ordinary meaning are identified and conceptualized are of crucial importance to the interpretation of legal texts. While a comprehensive analysis of these questions is beyond the scope of this chapter, it is possible as well as important to outline how such questions must necessarily be approached. Certainly, there are a variety of ways in which courts habitually go beyond or reject the linguistic meaning of the relevant text. Normatively based desires to, for example, ensure fair notice or avoid constitutional questions may cause a court to give a text a legal meaning that does not correspond with its linguistic meaning. The ordinary meaning principle, though, is necessarily concerned with the linguistic meaning of the text and not normative matters. As such, certain views about meaning and interpretation can be rejected as being incorrect. In particular, certain claims made by actual intentionalists are fundamentally inconsistent with how the ordinary meaning doctrine must be conceptualized. In short, the intentionalist position that a text means what its author intended it to mean, as well as the associated claims about the nature of natural language that often accompany this assertion, must be rejected. Instead, the ordinary meaning doctrine must be explicated on the basis of systematicities and conventions of language.»


Content:

X.1: The Ordinary Meaning Doctrine and the Problem of Actual Intentionalism

X.1.1: Judicial Reliance on Ordinary Meaning

X.1.2: Framing Actual Intentionalism

X.2: Actual Intentionalism and the Distinction Between Oral Conversations and Texts

X.3: The Nature of Language and Intentionalist Arguments About Meaning

X.3.1: ‘Fixed’ meanings

X.3.2: The Creativity of Language

X.3.3: Necessary Authors and Communicative Intentions

X.3.4: The Necessity of Reference to Authorial Intent

X.3.5: Anomalous Meanings

X.4: Hypothetical Intentionalism and the Interpretation of Legal Texts

X.5: Conclusion

References



Animo a leer este trabajo, me ha resultado atrayente y útil. Debo decir que es posible que sus 24 páginas ocupen unas cuantas horas de lectura, dada la densidad de sugestiones y reflexiones que ofrecen.

Por último, y en relación con el tema del post, hay que recordar que el conocimiento del código común va en paralelo con un conocimiento específico si nuestro público no es tan genérico como el común de la sociedad. En estos casos, nos preocupamos de conocer además, por ejemplo, cuáles son los usos y referentes de dicho público o las connotaciones que les ofrecen palabras y términos que deseamos emplear; esto lo hacemos en el ámbito profesional, pero también en el personal, cotidianamente, cuando queremos decir algo a alguien de la forma mejor o más eficaz.






mayo 23, 2014

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle


Disregard hyphens joining given (first or middle) names

Jean-Louis Lagrot becomes Lagrot JL


Use only the first letter of given names and middle names when they contain a prefix, a preposition, or other particle

D'Arcy Hart becomes Hart D

W. St. John Patterson becomes Patterson WS

De la Broquerie Fortier becomes Fortier D

Craig McC. Brooks becomes Brooks CM


Disregard traditional abbreviations of given names. Some non-US publications use abbreviations of conventional given names rather than single initials, such as St. for Stefan. Use only the first letter of the abbreviation.

Ch. Wunderly becomes Wunderly C

C. Fr. Erdman becomes Erdman CF


For non-English names that have been romanized (written in the roman alphabet), capitalize only the first letter when the original initial is represented by more than one letter

Iu. A. Iakontov becomes Iakontov IuA

G. Th. Tsakalos becomes Tsakalos GTh



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






mayo 22, 2014

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules


Keep prefixes in surnames

Lama Al Bassit becomes Al Bassit L

Jiddeke M. van de Kamp becomes van de Kamp JM

Gerard de Pouvourville becomes de Pouvourville G


Keep compound surnames even if no hyphen appears

Sergio Lopez Moreno becomes Lopez Moreno S

Jaime Mier y Teran becomes Mier y Teran J

Virginie Halley des Fontaines becomes Halley des Fontaines V

[If you cannot determine from the article whether a surname is a compound one or a combination of a middle name and a surname, look to the table of contents of the issue or an annual or other index for clarification. For example, Elizabeth Scott Parker may be interpreted to be Parker ES or Scott Parker E.]


Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

–Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

–Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






mayo 21, 2014

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them


Keep hyphens within surnames

Estelle Palmer-Canton becomes Palmer-Canton E

Ahmed El-Assmy becomes El-Assmy A


Keep particles, such as O', D', and L'

Alan D. O'Brien becomes O'Brien AD

Jacques O. L'Esperance becomes L'Esperance JO

U. S'adeh becomes S'adeh U


Omit all other punctuation in surnames

Charles A. St. James becomes St James CA



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






mayo 20, 2014

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style


– List names in the order they appear in the text.

– Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author.

– Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.

– Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials, for a maximum of two initials following each surname.

– Give all authors, regardless of the number.

– Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space.

– End author information with a period.


Notes

MEDLINE/PubMed:

Also shows the full names of authors, when available, in MEDLINE and XML displays (since 2002) records the organization names as given in the journal article. There are no standardization rules places editor or translator names in the author position of a citation when an author name can't be found. However, the role of "editor" or "translator" does not follow the name.

Makes a distinction between authorship and investigators (also known as collaborators). The latter were implemented in journal citations created in late March 2008 forward; they are individuals who contributed to the research study but are not necessarily authors.


MEDLINE/PubMed does not:

Display ISO country codes following organization names of national bodies that don't include nationality in the name translate non-English organizational names.



Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals


Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style






mayo 16, 2014

Sample Citation and Introduction to Citing Journal Articles Vancouver Style (Chapter 1: Journals: A)


«By tradition, the rules for formatting references to journal articles permit greater abbreviation compared to books:

»– Journal references omit information on place of publication and publisher, whereas book references carry these details.

»– The words "volume" and "number" (or their abbreviations) are usually omitted when citing journal articles, but are included when citing books.

»– Journal titles are abbreviated; book titles are not.

»– This brevity in citing journal articles stems from the need to conserve space in printed bibliographies and the early databases.


»Following are some important points concerning citing journal articles:

»– Cite the journal name that was used at the time of publication. For example, the British Medical Journal officially changed title to BMJ in 1988. Cite articles from 1987 and earlier as Br Med J, not BMJ.

»– Cite the version you saw. For example, do not cite the print version if you have used the Internet one.

»– Do not include a header, such as "news", "case report", or "clinical study", as part of the article title, unless the table of contents for the journal issue indicates that it is.

»– Use caution when employing typography, such as bold type and italics, to indicate parts of a journal article citation. Too many variations in type styles may actually make the reference harder to read.


»The source for journal title, volume, issue, and date information is, in order of preference: (1) the title page of the issue, (2) the issue cover, and (3) the masthead. Running headers or footers may not carry the official title of a journal and date and issue information may be missing from these locations.


»Citation Rules with Examples for Journal Articles

»Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.

»Author (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Article Title (R) | Article Type (O) | Journal Title (R) | Edition (R) | Type of Medium (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Supplement/Part/Special Number to a Date (R) | Volume Number (R) | Supplement/Part/Special Number to a Volume (R) | Issue Number (R) | Supplement/Part/Special Number to an Issue (R) | Location (Pagination) (R) | Physical Description (O) | Language (R) | Notes (O)


»The general format for a reference to a journal article, including punctuation:»




Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals





mayo 15, 2014

Vancouver Citation Style


«The Vancouver Style is the citation style used by most biomedical journals and many scientific journals. It came out of a meeting of medical journal editors in 1978, held in Vancouver, BC, and is maintained by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). It is also known as the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. For the complete guide to the Vancouver Style, please consult this online book: Citing Medicine, 2nd ed. This book provides very detailed examples for almost any type and variation of resource: conference papers, wikis, journal articles with a supplement, etc. Remember that the Dental Hygiene department uses a modified version of Vancouver Style.»
(Vancouver Community College Library, Vancouver Style > VCC Guide to Vancouver Style [pdf])


«Three major sources are utilized in compiling Citing Medicine: the MEDLARS Indexing Manual of the National Library of Medicine (NLM); pertinent NISO standards, primarily ANSI/NISO Z39.29-2005 Bibliographic References (http://www.niso.org/); and relevant standards from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), primarily ISO 690 Documentation - Bibliographic References (http://www.iso.org/).

»In applying the rules presented by these three sources, the MEDLARS Indexing Manual is given preference. The NLM format as shown in this publication follows NISO in principle, but certain deviations are made, primarily in the interest of saving labor in producing MEDLINE/PubMed. Those familiar with the Manual are aware that its scope is limited to journal articles. However, if a precedent was established by the Manual, as for example with pagination and dates, this Citing Medicine Citing Medicine Citing Medicine Citing Medicine precedent is carried over into other types of bibliographic material. If no NLM precedent is available, then the NISO and ISO standards are followed.

»Users should note that bibliography is not the same as cataloging. The references found in this publication will therefore not agree with the records found in the Library's LocatorPlus and NLM Catalog databases.»
(Citing Medicine, 2nd edition. The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers)