Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Use the English form for names of cities and countries when possible. However, the name as found on the publication may always be used.

Moskva becomes Moscow

Wien becomes Vienna

Italia becomes Italy

Espana becomes Spain

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Give the affiliation of all authors or only the first author.

Begin with the department and name of the organization, followed by the city, the two-letter abbreviation for the US state or Canadian province (see Appendix E), and the country name or two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D) if non-US.

For non-English organizational names in the roman alphabet (primarily European languages, such as French, German, Spanish, Italian, Swedish, etc.), provide the name in the original language.

Carpentier AF (Service de Neurologie, Hospital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France), Moreno Perez D (Unidad de Infectologia e Inmunodeficiencias, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Materno-Infantil Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain)

Pinet LM (Departamento de Servicios de Salud de Emergencia, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Maryland, Condado de Baltimore, USA. lpinetl@umbc.edu).

Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) or translate organizational names in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, or Hebrew. A good authority for romanization is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables.

Barbulescu M (Clinica Chirurgicala, Spitalul Clinic Coltea, Bucuresti), Burcos T, Ungureanu CD, Zodieru-Popa I.

Grudinina NA (Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia), Golubkov VI, Tikhomirova OS, Brezhneva TV, Hanson KP, Vasilyev VB, Mandelshtam MY.

Translate organizational names in character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean).

Susaki K (First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan), Bandoh S, Fujita J, Kanaji N, Ishii T, Kubo A, Ishida T.

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

– Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

– Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

Use the English form of names for cities and countries when possible. For example, Vienna for Wien and Spain for Espana. However, the name found on the publication may always be used.

Place the affiliation in parentheses.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Follow the US state, Canadian province, or country of the author with a period and a space.

Insert the e-mail address as it appears in the publication.

Do not end an e-mail address with a period.

Place the e-mail address within the closing parenthesis for the author affiliation.

Example:

Patrias K (Reference Section, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda MD. patrias@nlm.nih.gov), de la Cruz FF (Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD. delacruz@nichd.nih.gov).

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

«Las regularidades del texto»

Esta página se publica actualizada en esta nueva dirección: https://plaka-logika.blogspot.com/2024/03/durante-la-actividad-lectora-se-activan.html.

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Abbreviate commonly used words in affiliations, if desired. Follow all abbreviated words with a period.

Examples:

Acad. for Academy

Assoc. for Association

Co. for Company

Coll. for College

Corp. for Corporation

Dept. for Department

Div. for Division

Inst. for Institute or Institution

Soc. for Society

Univ. for University

Abbreviate names of US states and Canadian provinces using their official two-letter abbreviations.

Abbreviate names of countries outside of the US and Canada using the two-letter ISO country code, if desired.

Be consistent. If you abbreviate a word in one reference, abbreviate the same word in all references.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

«Presuposición»

En el post anterior dedicado a pragmática, tema de los viernes en la etapa actual del blog, compartí unas sencillas experiencias, o más bien, recuerdos de experiencias, que pueden situarnos en el ejercicio de equilibrismo, en el que se convierte la comunicación textual, siempre que pasamos a considerar la cuestión de los sobrentendidos.

El viernes pasado mencionaba el sencillo criterio de no dar nada por sobrentendido, a riesgo de que aquello que consideramos que se sobrentiende sea ignorado y entonces nuestra comunicación naufrague.

Hoy nos ponemos en la otra orilla, en la de valorar qué sobrentendidos pueden desprenderse de nuestro texto, qué presuposiciones permitimos que nuestro lector, oyente, público, etc. infiera de lo que decimos.

Ayuda a reflexionar esta entrada del Diccionario de términos clave de ELE del Centro Virtual Cervantes. Omito la última parte, específicamente dedicada a pautas de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera.

«Presuposición»

«Se entiende por presuposición un tipo de información que si bien no está dicha explícitamente, se desprende necesariamente del enunciado.

»El concepto técnico de ‘presuposición’ procede de la filosofía. Levinson (1983) presenta un amplio recorrido histórico sobre la concepción del término. Entendida en principio como un concepto propio de la lógica semántica, desde el análisis del discurso se ha indagado en otro tipo de presuposición que escapa del análisis estrictamente lógico, ya que se basa en el conocimiento previo que se da por supuesto y compartido por las personas que participan en el acto comunicativo. Este tipo de presuposición se conoce con el nombre de presuposición pragmática o implicatura.

»Como características lógicas fundamentales de la presuposición se señalan normalmente las siguientes:

»1. La presuposición permite dar cuenta de la veracidad del enunciado del que forma parte. Así, por ejemplo ante un enunciado como [Alberto ha dejado de quererme] se presupone [Alberto me quería]; idea que debe ser cierta para que también lo sea el enunciado desde el que se deriva la presuposición.

»2. La presuposición sigue siendo válida aun negando el enunciado del que se deriva. Así, [Alberto no ha dejado de quererme] sigue presuponiéndose que [Alberto me quería].

»3. Las presuposiciones, por ser significados convencionales de las expresiones, no se pueden fácilmente anular, sin que el hablante se contradiga. [Alberto ha dejado de quererme, pero nunca me quiso].»

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author.

Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed by city and state/Canadian province/country.

Use commas to separate parts of the affiliation.

Place the affiliation in parentheses, such as (Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA).

Separate the affiliation from its author by a space.

Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closing parenthesis, unless it is the affiliation of the last author, then use a period.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Abbreviations in affiliations

Specific Rules #2 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: E-mail address included

Specific Rules #3 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizational names not in English

Specific Rules #4 for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names for cities and countries not in English

Exceptions for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author Affiliation (optional) for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

The following formats are not NLM practice for citing authors, but are acceptable options:

Full first names of authors may be given. Separate the surname from the given name or initials by a comma; follow initials with a period; separate successive names by a semicolon.

Takagi, Yasushi; Harada, Jun; Chiarugi, Alberto M.; Moskowitz, Michael A. Mann, Frederick D.; Swartz, Mary N.; Little, R.T.

If space is a consideration, the number of authors may be limited to a specific number, such as the first three authors or first six authors. Follow the last named author by a comma and "et al." or "and others."

Rastan S, Hough T, Kierman A, et al.

Adler DG, Baron TH, Davila RE, Egan J, Hirota WK, Leighton JA, and others.

If both individuals and an organization or organizations appear on the title page of an article as authors, the individuals may be given as the author and the organization listed at the end of the reference as a note.

Cox JL, Ramer SA, Lee DS, Humphries K, Pilote L, Svenson L, Tu JV. Pharmacological treatment of congestive heart failure in Canada: a description of care in five provinces. Can J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 15;21(4):337-43. Authors are investigators of the Canadian Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Team.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Discordancia de número entre el pronombre y su nombre de referencia

A propósito de los cuidados textos legales y de los informales textos de uso cotidiano, liberados de prescripciones normativas académicas de buen uso, puede verse que es cada hablante quien establece el nivel de cuidado de su mensaje, quien evalúa los requisitos del contexto y decide cómo articular sus textos, ya sean orales o escritos.

En las siguientes frases, vas a ver un uso frecuente entre hablantes de todos los niveles de competencia lingüística, estándar, elemental, elevada, etc. Es un uso «normativamente desaconsejable», en expresión académica, es decir, que evitaremos al hacer un uso cuidado del lenguaje. De unos años ahora ha proliferado enormemente y si en un principio era mucho más frecuente en el castellano de América, hoy se encuentra con la misma profusión en el castellano de ambos lados del océano.

Veamos: los dos primeros ejemplos son titulares de noticias de fútbol y el último de un foro de ayuda de un programa informático:

Lo único que tengo que *decirle a los jugadores es que dependemos de nosotros para ganar el título.

Estamos luchando para *darle alegrías a los que no pueden estar.

Skype te deja *contarle a tus amigos lo que haces.

Estas tres frases tienen en común la discordancia de número entre el pronombre empleado y el nombre al que se hace referencia con dicho pronombre. En todos los casos, el pronombre aparece en singular mientras que el sustantivo al que señala es plural.

Por lo tanto, la forma adecuadamente cuidada de las tres frases anteriores sería:

Lo único que tengo que decirles a los jugadores es que dependemos de nosotros para ganar el título.

Estamos luchando para darles alegrías a los que no pueden estar.

Skype te deja contarles a tus amigos lo que haces.

En el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (DPD), s.v. «PRONOMBRES PERSONALES ÁTONOS», la Academia expone lo siguiente para sobre este fenómeno de discordancia:

«Discordancias en el uso de los clíticos. Son dos las discordancias frecuentes en el uso de los clíticos:

»a) A menudo, cuando el pronombre átono de dativo concurre en la oración con el complemento indirecto preposicional, se utiliza el singular le, aunque el referente sea plural; esta discordancia está extendida tanto en España como en América, incluso entre hablantes cultos, por lo que son frecuentes, aunque normativamente desaconsejables, oraciones como *“Colombia le propuso a los Gobiernos de Estados Unidos y Venezuela una alianza” (Tiempo [Col.] 18.4.97). En el uso esmerado se recomienda mantener la concordancia de número entre el pronombre átono y el sustantivo al que se refiere: “Los mismos remedios de distracción que les daba a sus enfermos” (GaMárquez Amor [Col. 1985]).

»b) En el español de muchos países de América, es frecuente, especialmente en registros populares o coloquiales, trasladar a la forma singular del pronombre átono de acusativo en función de complemento directo el rasgo de plural correspondiente al complemento indirecto, cuando este va representado por la forma invariable se: *“¡No entienden que este es mi espacio, es mi lugar! Cuántas veces quieren que se los diga” (Purroy Desertor [Ven. 1989]), en lugar de “Cuántas veces quieren que se lo diga”. Aunque en algunos países esta transferencia indebida se ha extendido incluso entre hablantes cultos, se recomienda evitarla en el habla esmerada.»

Recordemos que: la escritura en cursiva o itálica que encontramos en el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (DPD) no es normativa, sino un criterio tipográfico de edición con el fin de distinguir los ejemplos, así como que el asterisco en color rojo figura como señalizador junto a los usos que la Academia desaconseja. En cuanto a las indicaciones entre paréntesis, son referencias en abreviatura a las fuentes de los ejemplos. Puedes consultar el significado de estas abreviaturas para conocer el autor y la obra citados en la web de Fuentes citadas del DPD.

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

If no person or organization can be found as the author but editors or translators are present, begin the reference with the names of the editors or translators. Follow the same rules used for author names, but end the list of names with a comma and the specific role, that is, editor or translator.

Morrison CP, Court FG, editors.

Walser E, translator.

If no person or organization can be identified as the author and no editors or translators are given, begin the reference with the title of the article. Do not use anonymous.

New accreditation product approved for systems under the ambulatory and home care programs. Jt Comm Perspect. 2005 May;25(5):8.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

«La coherencia textual»

Esta página se ha retirado.

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

An organization such as a university, society, association, corporation, or governmental body may be an author.

- Omit "The" preceding an organizational name.

The American Cancer Society becomes American Cancer Society

- If a division or other part of an organization is included in the publication, give the parts of the name in descending hierarchical order, separated by commas.

American Medical Association, Committee on Ethics.

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division.

American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Outcomes, Working Group.

- When citing organizations that are national bodies such as government agencies, if a nationality is not part of the name, place the country in parentheses after the name, using the two-letter ISO country code National Academy of Sciences (US).

Royal Marsden Hospital Bone-Marrow Transplantation Team (GB).

- Separate two or more different organizations by a semicolon.

Canadian Association of Orthodontists; Canadian Dental Association.

American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; American College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee.

- If both individuals and an organization(s) appear on the title page of an article as authors, give both, in the order they appear in the article, and separate them by a semicolon.

Sugarman J, Getz K, Speckman JL, Byrne MM, Gerson J, Emanuel EJ; Consortium to Evaluate Clinical Research Ethics. Pinol V, Castells A, Andreu M, Castellvi-Bel S, Alenda C, Llor X, Xicola RM, Rodriguez-Moranta F, Paya A, Jover R, Bessa X; Spanish Gastroenterological Association, Gastrointestinal Oncology Group.

Margulies EH; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program; Maduro VV, Thomas PJ, Tomkins JP, Amemiya CT, Luo M, Green ED.

- For names of organizations in languages other than English:

-- Give names in languages using the roman alphabet (primarily European languages, such as French, Italian, Spanish, German, Swedish, etc.) as they appear in the publication. When possible follow a non-English name with a translation, placed in square brackets.

Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR.

Universitatsmedizin Berlin.

Nordisk Anaestesiologisk Forening [Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiologists].

-- Romanize (write in the roman alphabet) or translate names of organizations in Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, or Hebrew. A good authority for romanization is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables. When possible follow a non-English name with a translation. Place all translations in square brackets.

Rossiiskoe Respiratornoe Obshchestvo [Russian Respiratory Society].

or

[Russian Respiratory Society].

-- Translate names of organizations in character-based languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Place all translations in square brackets.

[Chinese Medical Society].

-- Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

--- Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

--- Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Romanization, a form of transliteration, means using the roman (Latin) alphabet to represent the letters or characters of another alphabet. A good authority for romanization is the ALA-LC Romanization Tables.

Romanize names in Cyrillic (Russian, Bulgarian, etc.), Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, or character-based languages, such as Chinese and Japanese.

Capitalize only the first letter of romanized names when the original initial is represented by more than one letter.

Iu. A. Iakontov becomes Iakontov IuA

G. Th. Tsakalos becomes Tsakalos GTh

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

- Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked.

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

- Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters.

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Place family designations of rank after the initials, without punctuation.

Convert roman numerals to arabic ordinals.

Examples:

Vincent T. DeVita, Jr. becomes DeVita VT Jr

James G. Jones II becomes Jones JG 2nd

John A. Adams III becomes Adams JA 3rd

Henry B. Cooper IV becomes Cooper HB 4th

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Omit degrees, titles, and honors that follow a personal name, such as M.D.

James A. Reed, M.D., F.R.C.S. becomes Reed JA

Katherine Schmidt, Ph.D. becomes Schmidt K

Robert V. Lang, Major, US Army becomes Lang RV

Omit rank and honors that precede a name, such as Colonel or Sir

Sir Frances Hildebrand becomes Hildebrand F

Dr. Kristine Eberhard becomes Eberhard K

Captain R. C. Williams becomes Williams RC

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Desde el significado ordinario de las palabras al significado de los textos legales

En sus comienzos, este blog encarecía el conocimiento y aplicación de la normativa académica en el uso profesional y público del lenguaje, por la razón sencilla (y buena y fuerte, en mi sentir) de llevar a cabo la tendencia intrínseca de la comunicación, que es unir a las personas, en el sentido de enlazar sus respectivas capacidades de comprensión y de expresión en un determinado momento de comunicación.

Compartir un mismo código es una garantía de éxito en la comunicación, de que esta llega a su meta. ¿Dónde se encuentra ese código común? ¿Cómo se puede conocer? Si aspiramos a conocer el código común del castellano, para la sociedad hablante en los límites del Estado español, este código idiomático común es fijado por la Academia Española de la Lengua, como institución designada para ello. Así lo indica su reglamento, establecido por el Real Decreto al que puedes acceder a través del enlace en la columna lateral, en último lugar en el apartado de enlaces académicos. Así, idioma castellano y norma, código común y normativa académica interseccionan ampliamente y llegan a ser en gran parte equivalentes.

Son las obras académicas, especialmente los diccionarios, gramática y ortografía, el instrumento para adquirir este conocimiento. En cambio, el medio de hacerlo está inventado desde muchos siglos antes y en muchas otras materias: hincar los codos, coloquialmente dicho, esforzarse en el estudio y el aprendizaje práctico.

En esta línea, encuentro de gran interés el artículo que comparto hoy martes, día que en esta etapa del blog se dedica a la lingüística del texto. Trata sobre la situación que se genera cuando un juez remite o se remite al significado ordinario de las palabras para interpretar los textos legales. Qué hace que un significado sea el ordinario de una palabra y qué factores son determinantes para identificarlo y conceptualizarlo son dos cuestiones cruciales para la interpretación de textos legales, afirma Brian G. Slocum, profesor en la McGeorge School of Law de la University of the Pacific (Sacramente, California. Estados Unidos). De ellas trata en este estudio que ha titulado «The Ordinary Meaning of Rules», dado a conocer como conferencia en el congreso Rules 2013, celebrado con el lema Problems of Normativity, Rules and Rule-Following, que dará título al libro de sus actas, en proceso de publicación en este momento.

Es un texto que puede ayudarnos a comprender y argumentar el lugar insustituible de los criterios académicos a la hora de realizar nuestro trabajo y darle sentido y justificación, ante el receptor que es nuestro cliente o público y ante el público de éste, probablemente también clientes. Dichos criterios, en los que se plasma el idioma que compartimos, son un marchamo de calidad y una garantía de la comunicabilidad de los textos que creamos.

El abstract a continuación y el índice del trabajo están tomados del texto completo del artículo, disponible en la Social Science Research Network. También lo archivo en el Drive de este blog y habrá que seguir su estado de publicación.

Slocum, Brian G., The Ordinary Meaning of Rules (May 10, 2014). Problems of Normativity, Rules and Rule-Following (Springer 2014). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2435462

Abstract:

«Judges typically claim that rules contained in legal texts are interpreted in accordance with their ordinary meaning. It follows that the constituent question of what makes some meaning the ordinary one and the evidential question of how the determinants of ordinary meaning are identified and conceptualized are of crucial importance to the interpretation of legal texts. While a comprehensive analysis of these questions is beyond the scope of this chapter, it is possible as well as important to outline how such questions must necessarily be approached. Certainly, there are a variety of ways in which courts habitually go beyond or reject the linguistic meaning of the relevant text. Normatively based desires to, for example, ensure fair notice or avoid constitutional questions may cause a court to give a text a legal meaning that does not correspond with its linguistic meaning. The ordinary meaning principle, though, is necessarily concerned with the linguistic meaning of the text and not normative matters. As such, certain views about meaning and interpretation can be rejected as being incorrect. In particular, certain claims made by actual intentionalists are fundamentally inconsistent with how the ordinary meaning doctrine must be conceptualized. In short, the intentionalist position that a text means what its author intended it to mean, as well as the associated claims about the nature of natural language that often accompany this assertion, must be rejected. Instead, the ordinary meaning doctrine must be explicated on the basis of systematicities and conventions of language.»

Content:

X.1: The Ordinary Meaning Doctrine and the Problem of Actual Intentionalism

X.1.1: Judicial Reliance on Ordinary Meaning

X.1.2: Framing Actual Intentionalism

X.2: Actual Intentionalism and the Distinction Between Oral Conversations and Texts

X.3: The Nature of Language and Intentionalist Arguments About Meaning

X.3.1: ‘Fixed’ meanings

X.3.2: The Creativity of Language

X.3.3: Necessary Authors and Communicative Intentions

X.3.4: The Necessity of Reference to Authorial Intent

X.3.5: Anomalous Meanings

X.4: Hypothetical Intentionalism and the Interpretation of Legal Texts

X.5: Conclusion

References

Animo a leer este trabajo, me ha resultado atrayente y útil. Debo decir que es posible que sus 24 páginas ocupen unas cuantas horas de lectura, dada la densidad de sugestiones y reflexiones que ofrecen.

Por último, y en relación con el tema del post, hay que recordar que el conocimiento del código común va en paralelo con un conocimiento específico si nuestro público no es tan genérico como el común de la sociedad. En estos casos, nos preocupamos de conocer además, por ejemplo, cuáles son los usos y referentes de dicho público o las connotaciones que les ofrecen palabras y términos que deseamos emplear; esto lo hacemos en el ámbito profesional, pero también en el personal, cotidianamente, cuando queremos decir algo a alguien de la forma mejor o más eficaz.

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Disregard hyphens joining given (first or middle) names

Jean-Louis Lagrot becomes Lagrot JL

Use only the first letter of given names and middle names when they contain a prefix, a preposition, or other particle

D'Arcy Hart becomes Hart D

W. St. John Patterson becomes Patterson WS

De la Broquerie Fortier becomes Fortier D

Craig McC. Brooks becomes Brooks CM

Disregard traditional abbreviations of given names. Some non-US publications use abbreviations of conventional given names rather than single initials, such as St. for Stefan. Use only the first letter of the abbreviation.

Ch. Wunderly becomes Wunderly C

C. Fr. Erdman becomes Erdman CF

For non-English names that have been romanized (written in the roman alphabet), capitalize only the first letter when the original initial is represented by more than one letter

Iu. A. Iakontov becomes Iakontov IuA

G. Th. Tsakalos becomes Tsakalos GTh

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Keep prefixes in surnames

Lama Al Bassit becomes Al Bassit L

Jiddeke M. van de Kamp becomes van de Kamp JM

Gerard de Pouvourville becomes de Pouvourville G

Keep compound surnames even if no hyphen appears

Sergio Lopez Moreno becomes Lopez Moreno S

Jaime Mier y Teran becomes Mier y Teran J

Virginie Halley des Fontaines becomes Halley des Fontaines V

[If you cannot determine from the article whether a surname is a compound one or a combination of a middle name and a surname, look to the table of contents of the issue or an annual or other index for clarification. For example, Elizabeth Scott Parker may be interpreted to be Parker ES or Scott Parker E.]

Ignore diacritics, accents, and special characters in names. This rule ignores some conventions used in non-English languages to simplify rules for English-language publications.

–Treat letters marked with a diacritic or accent as if they are not marked

Å treated as A

Ø treated as O

Ç treated as C

Ł treated as L

à treated as a

ĝ treated as g

ñ treated as n

ü treated as u

–Treat two or more letters printed as a unit (ligated letters) as if they are two letters

æ treated as ae

œ treated as oe

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Keep hyphens within surnames

Estelle Palmer-Canton becomes Palmer-Canton E

Ahmed El-Assmy becomes El-Assmy A

Keep particles, such as O', D', and L'

Alan D. O'Brien becomes O'Brien AD

Jacques O. L'Esperance becomes L'Esperance JO

U. S'adeh becomes S'adeh U

Omit all other punctuation in surnames

Charles A. St. James becomes St James CA

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

– List names in the order they appear in the text.

– Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author.

– Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.

– Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials, for a maximum of two initials following each surname.

– Give all authors, regardless of the number.

– Separate author names from each other by a comma and a space.

– End author information with a period.

Notes

MEDLINE/PubMed:

Also shows the full names of authors, when available, in MEDLINE and XML displays (since 2002) records the organization names as given in the journal article. There are no standardization rules places editor or translator names in the author position of a citation when an author name can't be found. However, the role of "editor" or "translator" does not follow the name.

Makes a distinction between authorship and investigators (also known as collaborators). The latter were implemented in journal citations created in late March 2008 forward; they are individuals who contributed to the research study but are not necessarily authors.

MEDLINE/PubMed does not:

Display ISO country codes following organization names of national bodies that don't include nationality in the name translate non-English organizational names.

Según:

Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Chapter 1: Journals

Related:

General Rules for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Specific Rules #1 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them

Specific Rules #2 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Other surname rules

Specific Rules #3 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle

Specific Rules #4 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name

Specific Rules #5 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III

Specific Rules #6 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese, Korean)

Specific Rules #7 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Organizations as author

Specific Rules #8 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: No author can be found

Specific Rules #9 for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style: Options for author names

Exceptions for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style

Examples for Author for Journal Articles Vancouver Style